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Stabilization of Nanocatalysts in Fuel Cells

Chen Weimin1,2   

  1. 1. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang 110159, China;
    2. Liaoning Engineering Research Center of Special Reserve Powers, Shenyang 110159, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Low temperature fuel cells are considered to be promising portable power sources. Pt based noble metal nanocatalysts are widely used as electrocatalysts in low temperature fuel cells. The electrochemical stability of nanocatalysts is of significance for long-term operations of fuel cells. Unfortunately, Pt based nanocatalysts are unstable in fuel cells and tend to lose their activities gradually during long-term discharge processes. The activity losses of nanocatalysts are normally caused by nanoparticle agglomeration, metal dissolution, poisoning, support corrosion, etc. In order to extend the lifetime of fuel cells and save costs, the stability of nanocatalysts under internal environments of fuel cells should be improved. Recently, studies regarding the stabilization of Pt based nanocatalysts attracted much attention and various methods were developed to prevent the degradation of nanocatalysts. In this paper, recent research works about the stabilization of nanocatalysts in low temperature fuel cells are reviewed. Firstly, nanocatalysts are stabilized by support modifications, which include the graphitization of carbon supports, the doping of carbon supports, the surface functionalization of carbon supports and the use of other supports. Secondly, nanocatalysts are stabilized by steric effects, which are related to the surface covering of catalyst nanoparticles, the micro-pore enveloping of catalyst particles, the monolayer self-assembly of polyoxometallate on the catalyst surface and the steric obstruction of catalyst nanoparticles by polymer electrolytes. Thirdly, nanocatalysts are stabilized by synergetic effects, such as the elevation of metal oxidation potentials and the enhancement of the interaction between catalyst components. Finally, an outlook of the future development of the stabilization of nanocatalysts in low temperature fuel cells is provided. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Stabilization of catalysts by support modifications
2.1 Graphitization of carbon supports
2.2 Doping of carbon supports
2.3 Surface functionalization of carbon supports
2.4 Use of other supports
3 Stabilization of catalysts by steric effects
4 Stabilization of catalysts by synergetic effects
5 Conclusions and outlook
Key words: fuel cells, electrocatalysts, nanoparticles, stabilization

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