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Progress in Chemistry 2012, Vol. 24 Issue (01): 101-109 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

The Principles and Applications of An Ambient Ionization Method——Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART)

Zhang Jialing, Huo Feifeng, Zhou Zhigui, Bai Yu*, Liu Huwei   

  1. Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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The development of ionization approach has been focused on the ambient ionization methods in the past decade. DART was first reported by Cody and coworkers in 2005 and has been widely applied in the analysis of various samples including solids, liquids or gases. Helium or nitrogen is chosen as the working gas of DART. The working gas is activated by discharge needle and subsequently heated in the heating cell for the further sample ionization. The DART technology needs minimal or no sample pretreatmentand direct analysis can be carried out by holding sample in the localization between the outlet of DART and the entrance of mass spectrometer. This review presents the development, the ionization mechanism, and the major operation parameters of DART. And the applications in direct analysis of pheromones from live drosophila, screening of counterfeit drugs, identification of ingredient of inksand other samples are summarized. In the end, the technological limitations and development trends of DART are also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The geometry and ionization mechanism of DART
2.1 The geometry of DART
2.2 The ionization mechanism of DART
3 Parameters of DART
4 The applications of DART
4.1 Direct analysis of pheromones from live drosophila
4.2 Screening of counterfeit drugs
4.3 Identification of ingredient of inks
4.4 Other applications
5 Conclusions and perspectives

Key words: ambient ionization methods, direct analysis in real time(DART), mass spectrometry, mechanism

CLC Number: 

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