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Progress in Chemistry 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (6): 1189-1195 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Flame Retardant Based on N-Alkoxyoxy Hindered Amines and Their Application in Polyolefins

Cao Kun, Wu Shuiliang, Li Yan, Zhu Fangjun, Yao Zhen*   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Polymerization and Polymer Engineering, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Hindered amines have been used as UV stabilizers for a long period. The recent attempt to improve the properties of hindered amines revealed that the N-alkoxyoxy hindered amines(NORs) poss excellent flame retardancy. In this article, the chemical structure, properties, synthesis methods, flame-retardant mechanism of NORs and their application in polyolefins are systematically reviewed. NORs are synthesized through the reaction of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine derivatives with alkyl radicals in several steps with the presence of catalysts. The mechanism of NORs as flame retardant(FR) in polyolefins is generally based on the thermolysis of NORs that leads to the formation of efficient and regenerable free radical scavengers. NORs are involved in the free radical chemical reactions during the combustion process and reduce the free radicals concentration by converting them into alcohols and ketones that are relatively stable. Furthermore, NORs can interact with conventional brominated or phosphorus-based FR through radical reactions in the condensed phase, resulting in improved FR efficiency. Researches indicate that NORs provide excellent FR performance for thin polyolefin section such as fibers and films at unexpected low concentration. The loading as low as 0.5wt% can result in satisfied flame retardancy. Moreover, they have a good synergistic effect in combination with conventional FR to improve their efficiency, so the loading of conventional FR can be significantly decreased. Additionally, NORs also provide polyolefin with excellent UV stability and long-term thermal stability.

Key words: hindered amines, N-alkoxyoxy hindered amines, nitroxyl radicals, flame retardants, polyolefins

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