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Development and Application of Effect-Directed Analysis in Environmental Research

Qu Guangbo, Shi Jianbo, Jiang Guibin   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Guibin Jiang E-mail:gbjing@rcees.ac.cn
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Environmental samples are often contaminated with complex mixtures of different chemicals and pose a thread to human health. It might thus be difficult to decide which chemicals are the key causative toxic pollutants in environmental sample. Risk assessment based on concentration of target chemicals monitored by chemical analysis may not correctly reflect the hazards in the environment due to the negligence of unknown active chemicals and combined effects. Using biological assay on complex mixtures extracted from environmental samples is able to evaluate the total toxicity, but can not provide further information of the specific chemicals inducing the observed toxicity. In order to solve these problems, effect-directed analysis/identification (or bioassay-directed analysis/identification)(EDA/EDI), a comprehensive approach integrating sample extraction, fractionation, biological assay and chemical identification, has been developed and successfully applied to determine the contaminants responsible for the measured toxicity in environmental samples. In the last three decades, EDA has been used to identify numerous key causative genetic toxicants, endocrine disruptors and aquatic toxicants in contaminated sites or living environment. In addition, numerous novel pollutants were found using EDA. In this paper, the methodology including the sample extraction, fraction strategies, important biological endpoints and chemical identification methods are reviewed. The new chemicals discovered with EDA from the environment, the limitations and perspectives of EDA development are also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Environmental sample extract
2.2 Fractionation
2.3 Biological assay
2.4 Key toxicant identification
2.5 Key toxicant confirmation
3 Limitations of EDA
3.1 Novel biological endpoints application
3.2 Simultaneous multi-endpoint analysis
3.3 Bioavailability
4 Prospects
4.1 Combined effects
4.2 Novel chemical analysis method for EDA
4.3 High throughput system development
4.4 Standardization of EDA or risk assessment

Key words: effect-directed analysis(EDA), effect-directed identification, pollutant analysis, risk assessment, novel pollutants

CLC Number: 

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