中文
Earlier issues
Announcement
More
Progress in Chemistry Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

The Application of Heated Electrodes in Electrochemical Sensors

Chen Yiting, Huang Lu, Lin Qi   

  1. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: CHEN Yiting E-mail:fjcyt@foxmail.com
PDF ( 1113 ) Cited
Export

EndNote

Ris

BibTeX

The heated electrode technology which directly or indirectly heats the electrodes by applying an electric current could regulate the temperature of the electrodes by controlling the time and strength of the applied electric current. Its obvious advantage is that the electrode temperature could be elevated rapidly while keeping the solution temperature almost unchanged. Since the temperature has effects on the electrochemical reaction rate, diffusion and convection, this kind of electrodes could reduce the background noise, improve the detection sensitivity and reproducibility. Owing to their simple heating equipment, higher detection sensitivity and lower pollution, the heated electrodes have aroused great attention in electrochemical (EC) analysis. This article briefly introduces the recent developments in heated electrodes, including their working principles, electrode design, types, measurements and controls of electrode temperature, as well as the application of heated electrodes in the electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence (ECL), flow-injection amperometric detection systems, and capillary electrophoresis (CE) and CE-chip with EC/ECL detectors. Finally, the development trends and prospects of the heated electrode technology are discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Change method of electrode temperature
3 Heated electrodes
3.1 Heating by alternating current with high frequency
3.2 Heating by direct current
3.3 Heating and sensitizing
3.4 Measurement of heated electrode temperature
3.5 Types of heated electrodes
4 Application of heated electrodes
4.1 Electrochemical analysis system based on heated electrodes
4.2 Electrochemiluminescence analysis system based on heated electrodes
4.3 Amperometric monitoring system with flow injection based on heated electrodes
4.4 Capillary electrophoresis and chip with electrochemical detector based on heated electrodes
5 Conclusions and outlook

Key words: heated electrodes, electrochemistry, electrochemiluminescence, sensors

CLC Number: 

[1] Gründler P, Kirbs A, Dunsch L. ChemPhyChem, 2009, 10(11): 1722-1746
[2] Wildgoose G G, Giovanelli D, Lawrence N S, Compton R G. Electroanal., 2004, 16(6): 421-433
[3] Harima Y, Aoyagui S. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1976, 69(3): 419-422
[4] Harima Y, Aoyagui S. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1977, 81(1): 47-52
[5] Ishikawa T, Okamoto G. Electrochim. Acta, 1964, 9(10): 1259-1268
[6] Gabrielli C, Keddam M, Lizee J F. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1993, 359(1/2): 1-20
[7] Valded J L, Miller B. J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92(15): 4483-4490
[8] Crooks R M, Fan F R F, Bard A J. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1984, 106(22): 6851-6852
[9] McDonald A J, Fan F R F, Bard A J. J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90(1): 196-202
[10] Flarsheim W M, Tsou Y M, Trachtenberg I, Johnston K P, Bard A J. J. Phys. Chem., 1986, 90(16): 3857-3862
[11] Marken F, Matthews S L, Compton R G, Coles B A. Electroanal., 2000, 12(4): 267-273
[12] Sur U K, Marken F, Seager R, Foord J S, Chatterjee A, Coles B A, Compton R G. Electroanal., 2005, 17(5/6): 385-391
[13] Compton R G, Coles B A, Marken F. Chem. Commun., 1998, (23): 2595-2596
[14] Marken F, Tsai Y C, Coles B A, Matthews S L, Compton R G. New J. Chem., 2000, 24(9): 653-658
[15] Tsai Y C, Coles B A, Compton R G, Marken F. Electroanal., 2001, 13(8/9): 639-645
[16] Tsai Y C, Coles B A, Holt K, Foord J S, Marken F, Compton R G. Electroanal., 2001, 13(10): 831-835
[17] Valdes J L, Miller B. J. Phys. Chem., 1988, 92(2): 525-532
[18] Miller B. J. Electrochem. Soc., 1983, 130(7): 1639-1640
[19] Akkermans R P, Roberts S L, Marken F, Coles B A, Wilkins S J, Cooper J A, Woodhouse K E, Compton R G. J. Phys. Chem. B, 1999, 103(45): 9987-9995
[20] Akkermans R P, Wu M, Compton R G. Electroanal., 1998, 10(12): 814-820
[21] Akkermans R P, Suárez M F, Roberts S L, Qiu F L, Compton R G. Electroanal., 1999, 11(16): 1191-1202
[22] Ke J H, Tseng H J, Hsu C T, Chen J C, Muthuraman G, Zen J M. Sens. Actuators B, 2008, 130(2): 614-619
[23] Climent V, Coles B A, Compton R G, Feliu J M. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2004, 561(1/2): 157-165
[24] Coles B A, Moorcroft M J, Compton R G. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2001, 513(2): 87-93
[25] Moorcroft M J, Lawrence N S, Coles B A, Compton R G, Trevani L N. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2001, 506(1): 28-33
[26] Qiu F L, Compton R G, Coles B A, Marken F. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2000, 492(2): 150-155
[27] Baranski A S. Anal. Chem., 2002, 74(6): 1294-1301
[28] Gründler P. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 1998, 362(2): 180-183
[29] Gründler P, Zerihun T, Mller A, Kirbs A. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1993, 360(1/2): 309-314
[30] Voss T, Gründler P, Brett C M A, Brett A M O. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 1999, 19(1/2): 127-133
[31] Zerihun T, Gründler P. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1996, 415(1/2): 85-88
[32] Gründler P, Flechsig G U. Electrochim. Acta, 1998, 43(23): 3451-3458
[33] Jasinski M, Kirbs A, Schmehl M, Gründler P. Electrochem. Commun., 1999, 1(1): 26-28
[34] Voβ T, Kirbs A, Gründler P. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 2000, 367(4): 320-323
[35] Beckmann A, Schneider A, Gründler P. Electrochem. Commun., 1999, 1(1): 46-49
[36] Voβ T, Gründler P, Kirbs A, Flechsig G U. Electrochem. Commun., 1999, 1(9): 383-388
[37] Gründler P, Zerihun T, Kirbs A, Grabow H. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1995, 305(1/3): 232-240
[38] Jacobsen M, Duwensee H, Wachholz F, Adamovski M, Flechsig G U. Electroanal., 2010, 22(13): 1483-1488
[39] Mahnke N, Markovic A, Duwensee H, Wachholz F, Flechsig G U, Rienen U V. Sens. Actuators B: Chem., 2009, 137(1): 363-369
[40] Wang J, Gründler P, Flechsig G U, Jasinski M, Lu J M, Wang J Y, Zhao Z Q, Tian B M. Anal. Chim. Acta, 1999, 396(1): 33-37
[41] Lau C, Flechsig G U, Gründler P, Wang J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2005, 554(1/2): 74-78
[42] Aragay G, Ponsb J, Merkoci A. J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21(12): 4326-4331
[43] Yang H, Choi C A, Chung K H, Jun C H, Kim Y T. Anal. Chem., 2004, 76(5): 1537-1543
[44] Yin Z Z, Zhang J J, Jiang L P, Zhu J J. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2009, 113(36): 16104-16109
[45] Zhong X, Qian G S, Xu J J, Chen H Y. J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 114(45): 19503-19508
[46] Wu D, Wu J, Zhu Y H, Xu J J, Chen H Y. Electroanal., 2010, 22(11): 1217-1222
[47] 孙建军(Sun J J), 郭亮(Guo L), 阴文辉(Yin W H), 张德风(Zhang D F), 陈国南(Chen G N). 化学传感器(Chemical Sensors), 2005, 25(2): 26-27
[48] Wei H, Sun J J, Guo L, Li X, Chen G N. Chem. Commun., 2009, (20): 2842-2844
[49] Chen Y T, Lin Z Y, Chen J H, Sun J J, Zhang L, Chen G N. J. Chromatogr. A, 2007, 1172(1): 84-91
[50] Lin Z Y, Sun J J, Chen J H, Guo L, Chen G N. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2006, 564(2): 226-230
[51] Sun J J, Guo L, Zhang D F, Yin W H, Chen G N. Electrochem. Commun., 2007, 9(2): 283-288
[52] Tseng T F, Yang Y L, Chuang M C, Lou S L, Galik M, Flechsig G U, Wang J. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11(9): 1819-1822
[53] Ducret L, Cornet C. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1966, 11(5): 317-339
[54] Gabrielli C, Keddam M, Lizee J F. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1983, 148(2): 293-297
[55] Gründler P. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 2000, 367(4): 324-328
[56] Gründler P, Kirb A, Zerihun T. Analyst, 1996, 121(12): 1805-1810
[57] Chumbimuni-Torres K Y, Thammakhet C, Galik M, Calvo-Marzal P, Wu J, Bakker E, Flechsig G U, Wang J. Anal. Chem., 2009, 81(24): 10290-10294
[58] Gründler P, Flechsig G U. Microchim. Acta, 2006, 154(3): 175-189
[59] Boika A, Baranski A S. Anal. Chem., 2008, 80(19): 7392-7400
[60] Beckmann A, Coles B A, Compton R G, Gründler P, Marken F, Neudeck A. J. Phys. Chem. B, 2000, 104(4): 764-769
[61] Gründler P, Beckmann A. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2004, 379(2): 261-265
[62] Gründler P, Degenring D. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2001, 512(1/2): 74-82
[63] Gründler P, Degenring D. Electroanal., 2001, 13(8/9): 755-759
[64] Wu S H, Sun J J, Zhang D F, Lin Z B, Nie F H, Qiu H Y, Chen G N. Electrochim. Acta, 2008, 53(22): 6596-6601
[65] 吴韶华(Wu S H), 张德风(Zhang D F), 聂法慧(Nie F H), 邱鹤元(Qiu H Y). 福州大学学报(自然科学版)(Journal of Fuzhou University(Natural Science Edition)), 2009, 37(1): 128-132
[66] Chen Q Z, Fang Y M, Wei H, Huang Z X, Chen G N, Sun J J. Analyst, 2010, 135(5): 1124-1130
[67] Zerihun T, Gründler P. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1996, 404(2): 243-248
[68] Chen Y T, Jiang Y Y, Lin Z Y, Sun J J, Zhang L, Chen G N. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2009, 9(4): 2303-2309
[69] Chen Y T, Jiang Y Y, Lin Z Y, Sun J J, Zhanga L, Chen G N. Analyst, 2009, 134(4): 731-737
[70] Valded J L, Miller B. J. Phys. Chem., 1989, 93(20): 7275-7280
[71] Wang J, Gründler P. Electroanal., 2003, 15(22): 1756-1761
[72] Flechsig G U, Korbut O, Gründler P. Electroanal., 2001, 13(8/9): 786-788
[73] Wang J, Gründler P. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2003, 540(2): 153-157
[74] Jasinski M, Gründler P, Flechsig G U, Wang J. Electroanal., 2001, 13(1): 34-36
[75] Adams R N. Anal. Chem., 1958, 30(9): 1576-1576
[76] Wang J, Gründler P, Flechsig G U, Jasinski M, Rivas G, Sahlin E, Paz J L L. Anal. Chem., 2000, 72(16): 3752 - 3756
[77] 伊静(Yi J). CN201302557, 2009
[78] Flechsig G U, Korbout O, Hocevar S B, Thongngamdee S, Ogorevc B, Gründler P, Wang J. Electroanal., 2002, 14(3): 192-196
[79] Chen Y T, Chen X P, Lin Z Y, Dai H, Qiu B, Sun J J, Zhang L, Chen G N. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11(6): 1142-1145
[80] Wu S H, Sun J J, Lin Z B, Wu A H, Zeng Y M, Guo L, Zhang D F, Dai H M, Chen G N. Electroanal., 2007, 19(21): 2251-2257
[81] Kale G M. Adv. Powder Technol., 2009, 20(5): 426-431
[82] Eckermann A L, Feld D J, Shaw J A, Meade T J. Coord. Chem. Rev., 2010, 254(15/16): 1769-1802
[83] 陈国南(Chen G N), 陈毅挺(Chen Y T), 林振宇(Lin Z Y), 姜鹰雁(Jiang Y Y), 邱彬(Qiu B). CN101162199, 2009
[84] Lin Z Y, Wang W Z, Jiang Y Y, Qiu B, Chen G N. Electrochim. Acta, 2010, 56(2): 644-648
[85] Chen Y T, Qiu B, Jiang Y Y, Lin Z Y, Sun J J, Zhang L, Chen G N. Electrochem. Commun., 2009, 11(11): 2093-2096
[86] Zerihun T, Gründler P. J. Electroanal. Chem., 1998, 441(1/2): 57-63
[87] Wachholz F, Biaa K, Piekarz M, Flechsig G U. Electrochem. Commun., 2007, 9(9): 2346-2352
[88] Wei H, Sun J J, Wang Y M, Li X, Chen G N. Analyst, 2008, 133(11): 1619-1624
[89] Wu S H, Nie F H, Chen Q Z, Sun J J. Anal. Chim. Acta, 2011, 687(1): 43-49
[90] Lau C, Reiter S, Schuhmann W, Gründler P. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2004, 379(2): 255-260
[91] Lau C, Borgman S, Maciejewska M, Ngounou B, Gründler P, Schuhmann W. Biosens. Bioelectron., 2007, 22(12): 3014-3020
[92] Wang J, Flechsig G U, Erdem A, Korbut O, Gründler P. Electroanal., 2004, 16(11): 928-931
[93] Flechsig G U, Peter J, Hartwich G, Wang J, Gründler P. Langmuir, 2005, 21(17): 7848-7853
[94] Peter J, Reske T, Flechsig G U. Electroanal., 2007, 19(13): 1356-1361
[95] Korbut O, Bu ková M, Tarap ík P, Labuda J, Gründler P. J. Electroanal. Chem., 2001, 506(2): 143-148
[96] Duwensee H, Vázquez-Alvarez T, Flechsig G U, Wang J. Talanta, 2009, 77(5): 1757-1760
[97] Lin Z Y, Sun J J, Chen J H, Guo L, Chen G N. Electrochim. Acta, 2007, 53(4): 1708-1712
[98] Lin Z Y, Sun J J, Chen J H, Guo L, Chen G N. Electrochem. Commun., 2007, 9(2): 269-274
[99] Lin Z Y, Sun J J, Chen J H, Guo L, Chen Y T, Chen G N. Anal. Chem., 2008, 80(8): 2826-2831
[100] Chen L C, Chi Y W, Zheng X X, Zhang Y J, Chen G N. Anal. Chem., 2009, 81(6): 2394-2398
[101] Wang J, Jasinski M, Flechsig G U, Gründler P, Tian B M. Talanta, 2000, 50(6): 1205-1210
[102] Chen Y T, Lin Z Y, Sun J J, Chen G N. Electrophoresis, 2007, 28(18): 3250-3259
[1] Jinglong Zhao, Wenfeng Shen, Dawu Lv, Jiaqi Yin, Tongxiang Liang, Weijie Song. Gas-Sensing Technology for Human Breath Detection [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2023, 35(2): 302-317.
[2] Jiyang Lu, Tiantian Wang, Xiangxiang Li, Fuming Wu, Hui Yang, Wenping Hu. Flexible Sensors Based on Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(9): 1982-1995.
[3] Yu Lin, Xuecai Tan, Yeyu Wu, Fucun Wei, Jiawen Wu, Panpan Ou. Two-Dimensional Nanomaterial g-C3N4 in Application of Electrochemiluminescence [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(4): 898-908.
[4] Huayue Sun, Xianxin Xiang, Tingyi Yan, Lijun Qu, Guangyao Zhang, Xueji Zhang. Wearable Biosensors Based on Smart Fibers and Textiles [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2022, 34(12): 2604-2618.
[5] Lujie Fan, Li Chen, Yin He, Hao Liu. Flexible Pressure/Strain Sensors Based on 3D Conductive Materials [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(5): 767-778.
[6] Shuaibing Yu, Zhaolu Wang, Xuliang Pang, Lei Wang, Lianzhi Li, Yingwu Lin. Peptide-Based Metal Ion Sensors [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(3): 380-393.
[7] Sha Tan, Jianzhong Ma, Yan Zong. Preparation and Application of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)∶Poly(4-styrenesulfonate)/Inorganic Nanocomposites [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(10): 1841-1855.
[8] Jiaen Xie, Yuheng Luo, Qianling Zhang, Pingyu Zhang. Metal Complexes in Application of Two-Photon Luminescence Probes [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(1): 111-123.
[9] Zhuang Yan, Yaling Liu, Zhiyong Tang. Two Dimensional Electrically Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2021, 33(1): 25-41.
[10] Xin Ni, Yang Zhou, Ruiqin Tan, Yongbo Kuang. Fabrication and Modification of Ferrite Photocathodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2020, 32(10): 1515-1534.
[11] Yaoxu Xiong, Yougen Hu, Pengli Zhu, Rong Sun, Ching-Ping Wong. Fabrication and Application of Flexible Pressure Sensors with Micro/Nano-Structures [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2019, 31(6): 800-810.
[12] Cheng Chen, Zhiqiang Dong, Haowen Chen, Yang Chen, Zhigang Zhu, Weiheng Shih. Two-Dimensional Photonic Crystals [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2018, 30(6): 775-784.
[13] Yangyang Zhou, Jian Zhong, Xiaojun Bian, Gang Liu, Liang Li, Juan Yan. Application of Signal Amplification Technology in the Area of Food Safety Detection [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2018, 30(2/3): 206-224.
[14] Zicheng Li, Gongke Li*, Yuling Hu*. Stimuli-Responsive Polymers in Biomedical Applications [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2017, 29(12): 1480-1487.
[15] Xinxin Jiang, Chengjun Zhao, Chunju Zhong, Jianping Li*. The Electrochemical Sensors Based on MOF and Their Applications [J]. Progress in Chemistry, 2017, 29(10): 1206-1214.