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• Review •

Biotransformation of Limonene by Microorganisms

Li Houjin1, Lan Wenjian2   

  1. 1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China;
    2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Lan Wenjian E-mail:lanwj@mail.sysu.edu.cn
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Limonene, a cheap and widely distributed monoterpene in nature, has important applications in daily chemical and pharmaceutical industries. In recent decades, the research and development of new products using limonene as the starting material continued to draw much attention. A number of literatures were concerned with the biotransformation of limonene which led to many oxygenated derivatives. These biotransformation products would be more valuable in the fields of cosmetics, food ingredients, drug, and chemical synthesis. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the microbial strains of limonene, their biotransformation products, and the main biotransformation pathways. The influence factors of biotransformation productivity are analyzed in detail. Some regio- and stereoselective biotransformation products are difficult to obtain through a routine chemical process. Hopefully, by optimizing the bioprocesses, the industrial production of these important compounds will become possible in the near future. In addition, the enzymes involved in the metabolic pathways of limonene, especially the monooxygenases and hydroxylases, also show an attractive prospect for their potential application in organic synthesis and industry.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Microorganisms used in limonene biotransformation and their biotransformation products
3 Main microbial biotransformation pathways for limonene
4 Influence factors of productivity
4.1 Substrate toxicity
4.2 Low solubility
4.3 Strong volatility
4.4 Inhibiting effect of products
4.5 Culture condition
4.6 Simultaneous presence of multiple biotransfor-mation pathways
5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: limonene, monoterpene, microorganisms, biotransformation

CLC Number: 

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