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Progress in Chemistry 2011, Vol. 23 Issue (0203): 430-440 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells

Zhang Lei, Xia Changrong*   

  1. CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are an novel energy conversion device, which has been extensively used for its high energy efficiency, high stability, fuel flexibility, and low pollution emission. Lowering down its operating temperature is important for commercialization. More attentions are therefore paid on how to decrease the operating temperature from traditional 800—1 000℃ to 600℃ or below. The paper summarizes the development of the electrolytes, cathodes, and anodes for SOFCs operated below 600℃. Choosing alternative ceria-based oxides with high ionic conductivity at low temperature, decreasing the electrolyte thickness, and constructing bilayered electrolytes with additional electronic blocking layer to enhance the open circuit voltage are all effective approaches for the improving electrolytes. While for the electrodes, novel materials are developed to increase the catalytic activity at low temperature. Moreover, ion-impregnation method is applied to optimize the microstructure of electrodes. Thus the triple phase boundary and active site has been enhanced, resulting in decreased electrode resistance and direct utilization of hydrocarbon without carbon deposition. In addition, new types of low temperature SOFCs such as single chamber SOFCs and micro SOFCs are also presented, which might have significant impact on the development of low temperature SOFCs.

Key words: solid oxide fuel cells(SOFCs), electrolyte, cathode, anode, single chamber, micro cell

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Abstract

Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells