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Progress in Chemistry 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (6): 1254-1267 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Influence of Structures and Properties of Polymer Nanoparticls on Their Cellular Uptake and Cell Functions

Hu Ling; |Zhang Yuying; |Gao Changyou**   

  1. (Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China)
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Gao Changyou E-mail:cygao@mail.hz.zj.cn
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The development of biotechnology and bioscience has produced various polymeric nanoparticles, which are of both significance in basic researches and practical applications. Particularly, in the field of nanomedicine and bioanalysis, the nanoparticles can be used as carriers for drugs and bioactive molecules such as cell growth factors and functional genes as well fluorescent markers. Endocytosis is one of the fundamental processes for the cellular events, in which the cells import selected extracellular molecules, viruses, microorganisms and nano particles into their interiors. In this article the recent progress on endocytosis of the polymeric nanoparticles into cells is reviewed. It starts with the introduction of polymeric nanoparticles which are most frequently used in the cellular uptake study and their functionalization by incorporating fluorescent probes and surface modification. Then the basic cellular uptake process of the polymeric nanoparticles such as the driving forces, intracellular transportation and distribution, and cytotoxicity is described. Furthermore, the factors controlling the cellular uptake such as the concentration and properties (shape, size, charge and PEGylation) of the polymeric nanoparticles, coculture time and conditions, and cell type are summarized. Finally, the receptor-mediated cellular uptake of the polymeric nanoparticles is specifically introduced, and the perspectives of the cellular uptake study of the polymeric nanoparticles are suggested.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Polymeric nanoparticles and their functionalization
2.1 Combination with fluorescent probes
2.2 Surface modification
3 Interaction between polymeric nanoparticles and cells
3.1 Uptake forces of polymeric nanoparticles into cells
3.2 Process of cellular uptake of polymeric nanoparticles
3.3 Intracellular distribution of polymeric nanoparticles
3.4 Cell toxicity of polymeric nanoparticles
4 Factors controlling cellular uptake
4.1 Influence of concentration of nanoparticles
4.2 Influence of coculture time of nanoparticles and cells
4.3 Influence of properties of nanoparticles
4.4 Influence of cell types
4.5 Influence of culture environments
5 Polymeric nanoparticles for ligand-mediated cellular uptake
6 Conclusion and perspectives

Key words: endocytosis, nanoparticles, polymers, receptor-mediated

CLC Number: 

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