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Progress in Chemistry 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (6): 1124-1133 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Phase Inversion Characteristics of Emulsions

Li Chuanxian*;  |Yang Fei   

  1. (College of Storage & Transportation and Architecture Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266555, China)
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Li Chuanxian E-mail:lchxian@hdpu.edu.cn
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In this paper, the basic theory and recent progress of emulsion phase inversion are summarized in detail. The main factors influencing emulsion phase inversion are formulation variables, composition variables and emulsification protocol. The emulsion phase inversion induced by changing formulation variables is called transitional phase inversion and that induced by changing composition variables is called catastrophic phase inversion. An integrative variable (SAD or HLD) can be used to describe the effects of different formulation variables on the physicochemical formulation of emulsions. The phase inversion characteristics of emulsions can be studied by the standard phase inversion line or dynamic phase inversion line in the formulation-composition maps. Compared with the standard phase inversion line, the dynamic phase inversion line shows clear hysteresis phenomenon. The catastrophic dynamic phase inversion is divided into two types: the phase inversion from normal to abnormal emulsions and the phase inversion from abnormal to normal emulsions. The phase inversion of Pickering emulsions showed no hysteresis phenomenon. The phase inversion technique of emulsions has been widely used for the preparation of nanoemulsions and emulsions with high volume fraction or high viscosity of the internal phase. In addition, the phase inversion technique also has important applications in the crude oil/heavy oil recovery and transportation processes.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Theoretical fundamentals
2.1 Classification of the emulsion phase inversion
2.2 Factors influencing the emulsion phase inversion
2.3 Formulation-composition bidimensional map
3 Phase inversion characteristics of emulsions
3.1 Dynamic phase inversion of the emulsions
3.2 Phase inversion of Pickering emulsions
4 Applications of the emulsion phase inversion technology in industry
4.1 Preparation of nanoemulsions by the PIT method
4.2 Applications of the transitional phase inversion of emulsions induced by changing formulation variables
4.3 Preparation of the O/W emulsions with high viscosity of the inner phase by the dynamic catastrophic phase inversion
5 Concluding remarks

Key words: emulsions, formulation-composition map, transitional phase inversion, catastrophic phase inversion, standard phase inversion line, dynamic phase inversion line

CLC Number: 

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