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Progress in Chemistry 2009, Vol. 21 Issue (01): 152-163 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Energetic Salts and Energetic Ionic Liquids

Huang Haifeng1 ;Meng Zihui1* ;Zhou Zhiming1* ;Gao Haixiang2 ;Zhang Jun1; Wu Yukai1   

  1. (1. School of Chemical Engineering and Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China|2. Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China)
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Zhou Zhiming; Meng Zihui E-mail:zzm@bit.edu.cn; mengzh@bit.edu.cn
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Energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids have been investigated widely in recent years for their properties, such as low vapor pressures and higher densities. The synthesis methods of energetic salts and energetic ionic liquids (cations including triazole, tetrazole, bridged azole, hexamethyenetetrammonia, etc; and anions including nitrate, perchlorate, azide, tetranitratealuminate, polycyan anion, N,N′-dinitrourea, etc.) are reviewed, and the effect of cations, anions and their substitution groups on melting point, enthalpy of formation, density of the material are summarized. The applications of these compounds on explosives and propellants are also discussed.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Synthesis of energetic ionic liquids
2.1 Synthesis of triazolium salts
2.2 Synthesis of tetrazolium salts
2.3 Synthesis of energetic hexamethylenetetrammonium salts
2.4 Synthesis of azolium picrates
2.5 Synthesis of imidazolium salts
2.6 Synthesis of bicyclic azolium salts
2.7 Synthesis of energetic salts with polycyan anion
2.8 Synthesis of N, N-bis[1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl]amine energetic salts anion
2.9 Synthesis of N, N′-dinitrourea salts
3 Characteristics of the energetic salts
3.1 Characteristics of the triazolium salts with no substitution
3.2 Characteristics of the triazolium salts containing –NH2
3.3 Characteristics of the triazolium salts containing azidoethyl
3.4 Characteristics of the tetrazolium salts containing –NH2
3.5 Characteristics of azolium azolate salts
3.6 Characteristics of energetic hexamethylenetetrammonium salts
3.7 Characteristics of azolium picrates
3.8 Characteristics of imidazolium salts
3.9 Characteristics of energetic salts with polycyan anion
3.10 Characteristics of N, N-bis[1(2)H-tetrazol-5-yl]amine energetic salts anion 3.11 Characteristics of N, N′-dinitrourea salts
4 The foreground of application for energetic ionic liquids

Key words: ionic liquid, energetic salts, energetic materials, propellant, melt cast explosive

CLC Number: 

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