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Progress in Chemistry 1999, Vol. 11 Issue (04): 338-   Next Articles

• Review •

A New Generation of Surfactants: Geminis

Zhao Jianxi   

  1. Department of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350002, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Gemini (or dimeric) surfactants are made up of two identical amphiphilic moieties covalently connected at the level of the headgroups by a spacer group. By this way the separation between the polar headgroups with in gemini surfactants is strongly decreased when they aggregate and thus the surface activity is greatly enhanced. Introduction of gemini surfactants is a break through in concept compared with general tests in enhancing surface activity, for example, addition of salt, increasing temperature or mixing an ionic cationic surfactants. Therefore gemini surfactants were reputed as a new generation of surfactants.

Key words: surfactants, geminis, spacer group, high surface activity

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Abstract

A New Generation of Surfactants: Geminis