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Progress in Chemistry DOI: 10.7536/PC231014   

Mercury methylation in periphyton and its impact on the fate of methylmercury in aquatic environments

Zhe Chen1,2,3, Yuping Xiang2,3,4,*, Yongguang Yin1,2,3, Yanwei Liu2,3, Lufeng Chen1, Yong Liang1, Dingyong Wang4, Yong Cai2,5   

  1. 1. School of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
    3. Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
    4. College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China;
    5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
  • Received: Revised:
  • Contact: *e-mail: ypxiang@swu.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 42277208、22006151).
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Mercury (Hg) is an important global pollutant. Aquatic environment is an important sink of mercury and the most important site for methylation and bioaccumulation. As one of the most important primary producers, periphyton is widely present in lakes, wetlands, streams, and other aquatic environments. Compared to water columns, periphyton has enhanced mercury methylation potential, which is an important source of methylmercury in aquatic environment and a key pathway for mercury entering into food chains. Periphyton has diverse microbial structures and exhibits highly complex functionality. The interactions among different microorganisms result in distinct redox gradients within periphyton, forming an anoxic microenvironment conducive to mercury methylation. On the one hand, algae and bacteria in periphyton can accumulate inorganic Hg(Ⅱ) from the surrounding water, providing sufficient substrate for mercury methylation. On the other hand, periphyton is rich in metabolic secretions from various algae and bacteria, with the functional groups (such as thiol groups) can regulate the speciation of inorganic Hg(II) and enhance its bioavailability. In addition, different microorganisms can share metabolites, which can enhance the abundance and metabolic activity of Hg methylating bacteria, thus promoting the production of methylmercury. Overall, clarifying the mercury methylation mechanism and bioaccumulation in periphyton contributes to a further understanding of the source and fate of methylmercury in aquatic environment, and provides scientific basis and data support for accurately assessing mercury pollution and environmental risks.
Key words: mercury, methylmercury, periphyton, accumulation, methylation, food chain
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