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Progress in Chemistry 2024, Vol. 36 Issue (1): 67-80 DOI: 10.7536/PC230516 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Tetraphenylethene-Based Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs): Design, Synthesis and Applications

Ziqing Wang1, Jinfeng Du2, Futai Lu1,2(), Qiliang Deng1,2   

  1. 1 College of Sciences, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
    2 College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: * e-mail: lufutai@tust.edu.cn
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(2190080961)
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Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a new class of crystalline porous materials are assembled by appropriate building blocks through covalent bonds. COFs have been utilized in many fields such as storage and separation of gases, catalysis, proton conduction, energy storage, optoelectronics, sensing and biomedicine due to their regular channels, high thermal stability, high crystallinity and adjustable structure. In recent years, tetraphenylethylene-based covalent organic frameworks (TPE-based COFs) have attracted much attention due to their obvious aggregation induced luminescence effect, simple synthesis and easy functionalization. In this paper, the construction units, topological structures, synthesis strategies and application progress of TPE-based COFs in different fields are briefly reviewed. Finally, the development prospects and possible challenges of TPE-based COFs are pointed out.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Construction unit and topological structure of TPE-based COFs

3 Synthesis strategy of TPE-based COFs

4 Applications

4.1 Catalysis

4.2 Adsorption

4.2.1 Ions adsorption

4.2.2 Gas adsorption

4.2.3 Biomolecule adsorption

4.3 Sensors

4.3.1 Sensors for detecting explosives

4.3.2 Ion sensors

4.3.3 Acid-base sensors

4.3.4 Enantioselective sensors

4.3.5 Biosensors

4.4 Optoelectronic

4.4.1 Light emitting diode

4.4.2 Electrochemical energy storage

4.4.3 Others

4.5 Bio-related applications

5 Prospects and challenges

Key words: tetraphenylethylene, covalent organic frameworks, building blocks, topology, applications
Fig. 1 Monomers for use in the synthesis of TPE-based COFs
Fig. 2 Building units successfully used for the synthesis of TPE-based COFs
Fig. 3 Linkages used in TPE-based COFs
Fig. 4 Topological structures of TPE-based COFs
Fig. 5 The synthetic route of TP-COF and the process of photocatalytic H2 evolution under visible light[55]
Fig. 6 (a) Gas adsorption of C3H8, C2H6, C2H4 and CH4 for NAT-COF at 273 K[65]; (b) The schematic diagram of breakthrough experiments in the columns packed with SCU-COF-2 powder[69]
Fig. 7 Fluorescence quenching experiments of the Py-TPE-COF upon addition of TNP (0-25 ppm) in acetone[72]
Fig. 8 (a) Al3+ sensing mechanism of COF-DHTA[75]; (b) Water, benzene, and toluene adsorption isotherms of the TTPE-COF at 293 K, and the fluorescence photographs under a 365 nm UV lamp[67]
Fig. 9 Fluorescence emission spectra of test paper fumigated by TFA at different times and optical photographs of test paper upon exposure to TFA vapour and TEA vapour (λex= 365 nm)[78]
Fig. 10 Decrease percentage upon exposure to α-pinene for 7@PVDF[80]
Fig. 11 Stern-Volmer plots of NUS-30 nanosheets being titrated with L-phenylalanine and AFM images of NUS-30 nanosheets[82]
Fig. 12 (a) The capacitor storage process of PT-COF[40]; (b) The energy-level diagram and schematic illustration of the PVSCs[39]
Fig. 13 Schematic illustration of the preparation of COFTFBE?PDAN@FeIIITA-PEI for luminescence imaging and ferroptosis in target tumor cells[86]
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