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Progress in Chemistry 2023, Vol. 35 Issue (8): 1177-1190 DOI: 10.7536/PC221220 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

All Solid-State Sodium Batteries and Its Interface Modification

Dongrong Yang1,2,3, Da Zhang1,2,3(), Kun Ren1,2,3, Fupeng Li1,2,3, Peng Dong1,2,3, Jiaqing Zhang1,2,3, Bin Yang1,2,3, Feng Liang1,2,3()   

  1. 1 Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093, China
    2 National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
    3 Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: *e-mail: liangfeng@kust.edu.cn (Feng Liang);zhangda@kust.edu.cn (Da Zhang)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(12175089); National Natural Science Foundation of China(12205127); Key Research and Development Program of Yunnan Province(202103AF140006); Applied Basic Research Programs of Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department(202001AW070004)
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All solid-state sodium batteries have great potential for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage applications due to the low cost of sodium, high security, and high energy density. However, the development and large-scale application of all-solid-state sodium ion batteries urgently need to solve the problems such as low ion conductivity of solid electrolyte, high charge-transfer impedance on interface, insufficient interfacial contact, and compatibility issues between electrodes and electrolytes solid electrolyte. Herein, combining the latest reports with our research findings, the research progress and development trend of β-Al2O3 electrolytes, NASICON electrolytes, sulfide electrolytes, polymer electrolytes, and composite electrolytes were summarized. The latest achievements in interface characteristics, the modification strategies of the interface between the electrodes and solid electrolytes and modification methods for surfaces of solid electrolytes were reviewed. Finally, the development direction of interface modification strategy for solid-state sodium ion batteries was prospected. This review have contributed to understand the interface science issues of all solid-state sodium ion batteries and provides a theoretical guidance for the development and application of solid-state sodium ion batteries.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Solid-state electrolytes

3 Challenges for all solid-state sodium batteries

4 Interfaces engineering

4.1 Cathode/electrolyte interfaces

4.2 Anode/electrolytes interfaces

4.3 Structure design for interfaces engineering

5 Conclusion and future perspectives

Key words: all solid-state sodium batteries, solid-state electrolytes, interface, modification
Fig.1 Performance comparison of (a, b, c, d, e) inorganic solid electrolytes, and (f) solid polymer electrolytes[27]
Table 1 The characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages of common inorganic solid electrolytes[40,41]
Type Selected materials Conductivity
(S·cm-1)		 Potential window
(V (vs Na+ / Na))		 Advantages Disadvantages
Oxides Na-β″-Al2O3, NASICON,
Na2M2TeO6,		 10-4 ~ 10-3 Up to 7 High thermal stability
High ionic conductivity		 High interface resistance
Poor interface wetting
Sulfides Na3PS4, Na11Sn2PS12, etc. 10-4 ~ 10-3 < 4 for Na3PS4
Others up to 5		 High ionic conductivity
High flexibility		 Low chemical stability,
Poor compatibility with Na
Polymer based PEO, PEG, PVDF-HFP, etc. 10-6 ~ 10-4 About 4.5 High flexibility
Good interface wetting		 Low ionic conductivity,
Low thermal stability
High cost
Boron
hydrides		 Na2-x(B12H12)x(B10H10)1-x
Na2-x(CB11H12)x(B12H12)1-x, etc.		 10-4 ~ 10-2 Up to 5 High thermal stability High chemical stability
High ionic conductivity		 Large interfacial resistance
Gel Polymer EPTA-NaPF6-PC/FEC/PS-NaPF6,
BP/PEO-HKUST-1-NaClO4-EC/
DEC/FEC, etc.		 10-4 ~ 10-3 Up to 5 High ionic conductivity
High flexibility
Good interfacial stability		 Low thermal stability
High cost
Fig.2 (a) Crystal structures of β-Al2O3 and β″-Al2O3[26]; (b) schematic illustration of Na+ conducting pathways in Na3Zr2Si2PO12[27]; (c) crystal structures of the Na3PS4[26]; (d) schematic illustration of Na+ transport mechanism in polymer solid electrolytes[54]
Fig.3 Temperature-dependent Na+ conductivities of inorganic solid electrolytes[87]: (a) NASICON; (b) sulfide solid electrolytes; (c) polymer and composite solid electrolytes; (d) crystalline organic, anti-perovskites and borohydrides solid electrolytes
Fig.4 Schematic illustration of the SSBs
Fig.5 (a) Schematic of the interface for NVP|IL/SE|Na batteries[58]; (b) schematic of the Na2S-Na3PS4-CMK-3 composite cathode[95]; (c) preparation process for S-MSP20-Na3SbS4 cathode[96]; (d, e) schematic of plastic-crystal electrolyte and active material in composited cathode[97]; (f) cycling performance of the Na|PEO-SN-NaClO4/PAN-Na3Zr2Si2PO12-NaClO4|PB cell at 0.2 C[98]; and (g) illustration of the asymmetric solid electrolytes
Fig.6 (a) Schematic of PEALD process for Al2O3 layer[105]; (b) schematic of the CVD-grown graphene-like interlayer on NASICON surface[106]; (c) NaClO4/FEC modified surface of Na[107]; (d) schematic of the Na|SnS2-Na3Zr2Si2PO12 interface[108]; (e) contact model of SEs and sodium metallic[109]; (f) interfaces between Na-SiO2 composite and NASICON[110]
Fig.7 (a) Illustration of the interfaces between solid-state polymer and Na-C anode[112]; (b) voltage curves of the Na-C|PEO20NaFSI| Na-C and Na|PEO20NaFSI|Na batteries at a current density of 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 mA[112]; (c) schematic of the cathode-supported solid electrolyte membrane[113]; (d) illustration of the Na2FeP2O7 and β''-Al2O3 integrated structure[114]; (e) schematic illustration of the Pt|Na3-xV2-xZrx(PO4)3|Pt battery[115]
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