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Progress in Chemistry 2023, Vol. 35 Issue (1): 177-188 DOI: 10.7536/PC220605 Previous Articles   

• Review •

Studies on the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosol from Vehicle Exhaust

Jiliang Guo, Jianfei Peng(), Ainan Song, Jinsheng Zhang, Zhuofei Du(), Hongjun Mao   

  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: *e-mail: pengjianfei@nankai.edu.cn (Jianfei Peng); duzhuofei11235@nankai.edu.cn (Zhuofei Du)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(42175123); National Natural Science Foundation of China(42107125); Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin(20JCYBJC01270); Tianjin Research Innovation Project for Postgraduate Students(2021YJSS013)
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Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) is an important component of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), which significantly impacts on atmospheric visibility, human health and regional/global climate change. In urban air, high level of SOA is formed from the atmospheric oxidation of gaseous organic precursors emitted from vehicles, becoming an important factor for the decline of urban air quality. This review summarizes recent studies on the SOA formation from vehicle exhaust, focusing on the identification of key precursors and their emission characteristics, as well as SOA formation, evolution, and influencing factors. In addition, SOA production factors are compared among studies. New measuring techniques, new mechanisms and new parametric method will be the key research direction in the future.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Identification of SOA precursors from vehicle exhaust and their emission characteristics

2.1 Measurement methods

2.2 Emission characteristics and influencing factors

3 Laboratory simulation of SOA formation from vehicle exhaust

3.1 Smog chamber and flow tube experiments

3.2 Influencing factors of SOA formation

3.3 Evolution and product composition of SOA

3.4 Model simulation of SOA formation

4 Conclusion and prospect

Key words: vehicle exhaust, secondary organic aerosol, semi/intermediate volatility organic compounds, aging process, influencing factor
Fig. 1 Maps of predicted ground-level OA concentrations for four PMCAMx simulations:(A) A traditional model with nonvolatile POA emissions, (B) POA emissions are volatile but not reactive, (C) POA are also aged by OH, (D) Add additional S/IVOCs emissions to the model which create a considerable amount of regional SOA[17]. Copyright ? 2007, The American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Table 1 IVOCs emission factors of vehicle exhaust
Operation conditions IVOCs EF(mg· kg·fuel-1) ref
Gasoline Vehicle/engine
Pre-LEV Cold start UC cycle 160.6 27
LEV Ⅰ 48.5
LEV Ⅱ 22.4
Tier 0 Cold start UC cycle 54.4 47
LEV Ⅰ 40.6
LEV Ⅱ 16.5
ULEV 18.4
SULEV 4
Tunnle text — 244 48
239.5 32
Euro 5 CLTC、WLTC 12.1~226.3 23
Diesel Vehicle/engine
HDDV UDDS DPF+DOC 24.1 43
none 705.9
Creep+Idle DPF+SCR+DOC 104.9
DPF+DOC 1066.9
none 4089.2
Hi-Cruise none 705.8
MDDV Cold UC DOC 767.8
none 631.3
Euro 5 diesel engine No aftertreatment HS/HL 154 36
LS/LL 97.9
HS/LL 51.2
DOC HS/LL 101
DOC+DPF HS/HL 68.2
LS/LL 55.3
HS/LL 25.9
Light-duty diesel engine Cold stat 9296 49
Cold loaded 2902
WIFL 1438
Tunnle text — 984.9 32
1107 48
Off-road Engine/ Constuction
TRU 4-Mode Cycle C 691.1 43
2-stock SORE CARB procedures 6064 27
4-stock SORE 1149
road roller Idle 1570.5 50
Moving 1038.9
Working 549.1
motor grader Idle 879.8
Moving 608.5
Working 305.9
Fig. 2 SOA production factor of vehicle exhaust in China and US. a) SOA production factor of gasoline vehicle exhaust with different model years or emission standards, OH exposure = (3~5)×106 molecules cm-3·h, b)SOA production factor of heavy or medium duty diesel vehicle exhaust, OH exposure= 2×106~2×107 molecules cm-3·h.
Fig. 3 a) Fractions of entire organic signals at m/z 43 and m/z 44(f43 vs f44)from exhaust derived SOA as well as an Ng triangle plot[83]; b) Van-Krevelen diagram of SOA from vehicle exhaust[16,67,80,82]
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