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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (11): 2373-2385 DOI: 10.7536/PC220409 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

MXene-Based Single-Atom Catalysts: Synthesis and Electrochemical Catalysis

Yuanju Jing1, Chun Kang1, Yanxin Lin2, Jie Gao3, Xinbo Wang1,4()   

  1. 1 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University,Qingdao 266237, China
    2 Qingdao Hengyuan Thermoelectricity Co., Ltd,Qingdao 266510, China
    3 School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shandong University,Qingdao 266237, China
    4 Shenzhen Graduate School of Shandong University,Shenzhen 518000, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Xinbo Wang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908018); National Natural Science Foundation of China(22078174); Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011856); Youth Innovation Program of Universities in Shandong Province(2019KJD007); State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology(KF2114)
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Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have been attracting ever-increasing interest in the fields of both fundamental research and industry applications, for their unique advantages such as high atomic utilization efficiency, high activity, and high selectivity. On the other hand, the preparation of SCAs is still quite challenging. A proper carrier of the active atoms is crucial for the preparation of SCAs, which affects the stability, electron structure, and thus reactivity. MXene, a novel series of two-dimensional inorganic materials with large specific surface area, adjustable bandgap, superior electronic conductivity, as well as abundant anchor sites have emerged as an ideal platform for confining single atoms. Herein, the structural superiority and synthetic strategies of MXene as SCAs support are reviewed. The unique structure and property of MXene based SACs make the material superior for electrochemical catalysis. Here the reactions including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CRR), as well as battery energy storage are highlighted. Finally, the challenges and opportunities of MXene based SACs in the fields of research and practical applications are summarized and prospected. It is hoped that this review article could provide insights for the development of advanced MXene-based SCAs.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Advantages of MXene as carrier material

2.1 Easy preparation

2.2 Easily controllable electronic energy band and conductivity

3 Synthesis of MXene-based single-atom catalysts

3.1 Defect vacancy anchoring

3.2 Strong metal-support interaction

3.3 Selective atomic substitution

4 Application of MXene-based single-atom catalysts

4.1 Hydrogen evolution reaction

4.2 Oxygen electrode reaction

4.3 Nitrogen reduction reaction

4.4 Electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide

4.5 Used as a battery electrode

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: MXene, single-atom catalyst, electrochemical catalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, energy
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the fabrication mechanism of RuSA-Mo2CTx[67].Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH
Fig.2 (a)Schematic illustration of the RuSA-N-S-Ti3C2Tx catalyst synthetic route; (b)HAADF-STEM image of RuSA-N-S-Ti3C2Tx[75]. Copyright ? 1999-2022 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fig. 3 (a)Schematic diagram of the structure of Ti3C2Tx-PtSA; (b)HER performance comparison of Ti3C2Tx-PtSA and commercial HER catalyst Pt/C[81]. Copyright ?2022, American Chemical Society
Fig. 4 (a)Schematic illustration of a rechargeable Zn-air battery; (b)Charge and discharge polarization curves of the rechargeable Zn-air batteries based on the Ti3C2Tx-CoBDC + Pt-C and the IrO2 + Pt-C configurations.; (c)Charge and discharge cycling curves of the rechargeable Zn-air batteries at a current density of 0.8mA·cm-2; (d)Photograph of a red LED powered by the fabricated Zn-air battery based on the Ti3C2Tx-CoBDC + Pt-C pair[85]. Copyright ? 2017, American Chemical Society
Fig. 5 Synthesis process of single zinc atoms immobilized on MXene layers (Zn-MXene)for the Li nucleation and growth.[94] Copyright ? 2022, American Chemical Society
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