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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (7): 1576-1589 DOI: 10.7536/PC220327 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Discussion on Some Chemical Problems of Polymer Condensed Statein Solvent-Free Polymer Production Technology

Zheng Chen, Zhenhua Jiang()   

  1. National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Technology of High-Performance Polymers, Engineering Research Center of High-Performance Plastics, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Jilin University,Changchun 130012, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Zhenhua Jiang
  • Supported by:
    Jilin Province Science and Technology Department Science Fund(20200404177YY)
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The interaction between the changes of polymer condensed states and chemical reactions becomes more directly in the solvent-free polymer polymerizations. Melt polymerization (MP), reactive extrusion (REX) and solid phase polymerization (SPP) are classical solvent-free polymerization production technologies. The solvent-free polymerization production technology is a new science and technologies integrating polymer resin synthesis, material processing and preparation and engineering. It is the frontier field of contemporary material science, and represents the inevitable trend of the development of the resin production technology. In this paper, the three typical resin industrial synthesis technologies and their corresponding mechanisms are briefly introduced, and the actual productions of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA) were shown, and the relationship between the three production technologies were also exhibited. In here, the basic problems of polymer condensed state changes and related chemical reactions were revealed by these three solvent-free polymerization technologies, and some valuable references for scientific researcher were provided.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Three typical polymer resin production technologies without solvent participation

2.1 Melt condensation polymerization

2.2 Solid state polycondensation

2.3 Reactive extrusion

3 Typical applications of solvent-free resin production technology

3.1 Solvent-free production of PET resins

3.2 Solvent-free production of PLA resin

4 Conclusion and perspective

Key words: solvent-free polymerizations, melt polycondensation (MP), solid state polycondensation (SSP), reaction extrusion (REX)
Fig. 1 The technical route of PET production
Table 1 The applications of PETs with various intrinsic viscosity
[η]/dL/g 数均分子量 用途
0.55~0.64 19000~22000 纺织涤纶纤维
0.64~0.68 22000~24000 薄膜
0.68~0.74 24000~26000 工业丝
0.74~0.90 26000~34000 瓶、工程塑料、易拉罐、拉链
0.84~1.10 31000~39000 超强工业丝线
1.04 37000 结晶聚酯
Fig. 2 Reaction mechanism of solid-state polycondensation of PET
Table 2 Comparison of characteristics between continuous and batch processes in solid state polycondensation[47]
连续法固相缩聚 间歇法固相缩聚
产物特性黏度较为均匀 不同批次产物的特性
更换原料特性黏度时不够灵活 更换原料特性黏度较为灵活
原料要有较为稳定的来源 原料可以有多种来源
采用氮气除去小分子产物 采用抽真空法除去小分子产物
利用实现自动化,生产效率较高 方便把控产品质量,较小的产品CV值
产能较大,可实现批量生产 操作便捷,生产能力小
Fig. 3 Reaction of PET resins and the chain extender DPC
Fig. 4 Lactide ring-opening (two-step) preparation of polylactic acids
Fig. 5 Preparation of PLA by direct polycondensation (one-step method)
Fig. 6 Progressive condensation mechanism of PLA prepared by the direct polycondensation
Fig. 7 Side reactions of the PLA direct polycondensation method
Fig. 8 Summary of preparation methods of PLA
Fig. 9 Solid state polycondensation mechanism of PLA
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