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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (3): 487-498 DOI: 10.7536/PC211124   Next Articles

• Invited Review •

The Progress of Room Temperature Phosphorescent Gel

Jinfeng Wang1, Aisen Li2, Zhen Li1,2,3()   

  1. 1 Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072, China
    2 Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University,International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou 350207, China
    3 College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Zhen Li
  • Supported by:
    Starting Foundation of Tianjin University and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22105143)
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Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) has arouse much interest due to their unique luminescence properties and wide potential applications in optoelectronics, sensing, bio-imaging and security devices. In recent years, various methods to promote phosphorescence emission at room temperature have been explored. At present, the commonly used methods for constructing room temperature phosphorescent materials with long lifetime and high quantum yield mainly center on the design of phosphorescent molecular structure and the construction of phosphorescent protective matrix. Supramolecular gel, as a new matrix for inducing room temperature phosphorescence, has attracted much attention owing to the advantages of three-dimensional network structure, thermal reversibility and stimulus responsiveness. This review focuses on metal-free room temperature phosphorescent gel and metal-containing room temperature phosphorescent gel, and summarizes current research status in recent years. In addition, a brief prospect for the future development of room temperature phosphorescent gel research is provided.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Metal-free room temperature phosphorescent gel

3 Metal-containing room temperature phosphorescent gel

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: room temperature phosphorescence, gel, network structure
Fig.1 RTP gel based on cyclodextrin. (a) Construction of the supramolecular polymeric hydrogel by host-guest interaction between poly-β-CD /poly-α-BrNp polymers and its rapidly self-healing property[41]; (b) Schematic representation of the CD-RTP gel based on host-guest interaction between poly-BrNpA and γ-CD[42]; (c) Schematic representation of xerogel formation and reversible white-light emission switching and schematic of the possible emission switch processes based on cyclodextrin polypseudorotaxane xerogel[43]
Fig.2 (a) Polychromatic luminescence properties of gels based on the cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) and triazine derivative (TBP); (b) Photographs of multicolor hydrogels under daylight and 365 nm UV light; TBP-CB[8] complex, bright field, and merge confocal microscopic images of HeLa cells cultured with a mixture of TBP with 1.0 equiv CB[8] (10 mm)[44]
Fig.3 RTP gels based on supramolecular self-assembly. (a) Schematic illustration of 3-BrQ RTP induced by DBS supramolecular gels[46]; (b) “On-off” reversible RTP of 3-BrQ in DBS gels (black line) and NaDC solutions (red line) at 10 and 80 ℃[46]; (c) Schematic illustration of BrQ-DBC gel formation and responsiveness of temperature, pH and redox[47]; (d) RTP spectra of BrQ-DBC gels during a cycle of heating and cooling[47]; (e) Chemical structure of PtOEP, DPA and LBG[48]; (f) Normalized absorption (solid line) and emission (dashed line) spectra of the PtOEP/LBG binary gel (red line) and the DPA/LBG binary gel (black line)[48]
Fig.4 RTP gel based on electrostatic interaction. (a) Construction of the AC/SCD?PYCl hybrid hydrogel and xerogel[49];(b) photoluminescence spectra of the AC/SCD?PYCl hydrogel and xerogel, phosphorescence decay curve for the xerogel, effect of humidity on the phosphorescence spectrum of the AC/SCD?PYCl gel; (c) Molecular structures of pNDI and BrNDI, schematic diagram of Laponite (LP) structure and schematic of the proposed ionic hybrid self-assembly of exfoliated LP nanoplates[50]; (d) Molecular structure and schematic representation of CPthBr, CB[7] and LP, normalized gated emission spectra and delayed fluorescence lifetime decay plot of 10:1 CPthBr-SRG-LP and CPthBr-SR101-LP hybrid hydrogels[51]
Fig.5 Schematic representation of molecular structure of gel polymers g-1IBDP and g-2IBDP[52]
Fig.6 (a) Chemical structures of Pd-mTCPP, PEG-diamines and generation of hydrogel[53]; (b) Hydrogel was implanted subcutaneously in a BALB/c mouse and imaged every 10 d[53]; (c) Schematic illustrating RTP of Pd-TCPP induced by the dual-ordered structure of G/DBC gels[54]; (d) Schematic illustration of Al3+ enhanced RTP of Pd-porphyrin resided in micelle-hybrid supramolecular gels[57]; (e) Schematic illustration of enhancing RTP of Pd-TCPP in M/DBC gels under UV irradiation[58]; (f) RTP spectra of Pd-TCPP in M/DBC gels under different conditions and RTP decay curves of Pd-TCPP in M/DBC gels[58]
Fig.7 (a) Schematic illustrating of RTP gel formation based on Pt-acetylide complex; (b) Phosphorescent quantum yield[59]; (c) Structure of 8-quinolinol platinum(Ⅱ)[60]; (d) Luminescence spectra of the 1Pt in solution (solid) and gel state (dashed) as well as optical and CLSM images[60]
Fig.8 (a) Molecular structure of phosphor and polymer; (b) Photoluminescence spectra for different forms of phosphorescent hydrogels; (c) Temperature-dependent photoluminescence enhancement of the hybrid microgel upon heating from room temperature (RT) to 37 ℃[62]
Fig.9 (a) Structures of complexes Au1~Au5; (b) Emission of an aerated DMSO solution of Au2 upon continuous excitation at 365 nm at 298 K and its photographs; (c) Photographic description on the writing-erasing-rewriting processes with a 365 nm UV lamp on a piece of DMSO gel containing Au2 at 298 K; (d) Emission of DMSO gel containing Au2 upon continuous excitation at 365 nm[63]
Fig.10 (a) Illustration of the synthesis of Ag9NCs and their emission photographs; (b) Time-dependent optical properties of the MOG after addition of EtOH; (c) Illustration of the time-dependent gelation process; (d) Emission of the MOG under different temperature, TEM image and the reversible change of the PL intensity of the MOG[64]
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