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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (5): 1218-1228 DOI: 10.7536/PC210622 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Progress in Zerovalent Iron Technology for Water Treatment of Metal(loid) (oxyan) Ions: A Golden Decade from 2011 to 2021

Jinhui Zhang1,2, Jinhua Zhang1,2(), Jiwei Liang1,2, Kaili Gu1,2, Wenjing Yao1,2, Jinxiang Li1,2   

  1. 1. School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094, China
    2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Nanjing 210094, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Jinhua Zhang
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51708416); Fundamental Research Founds for the Central Universities(30919011267); State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse Foundation(PCRRF19005); Open Founds for Large-Scale Instruments and Equipment of Nanjing University of Science and Technology.
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The application of the zerovalent iron (ZVI) for water treatment of metal(loid) (oxyan)ions has been a research hotspot in recent years. In practical applications, how to simultaneously improve the reactivity and electron efficiency of contaminants sequestration by ZVI are highly critical for the progress in ZVI-based technology. This review summarizes the improvements of ZVI technologies proposed in the past 10 years (2011—2021), including the sulfidation, weak magnetic field (WMF), dosing of Fe2+ and oxidants, along with other novel technologies. In addition, the performances (e.g., reactivity, removal capacity and electronic efficiency) and mechanisms of these technologies for contaminants removal are summarized and compared. The enhanced performance of ZVI technology should be complementarily analyzed not only from the broad-spectrum studies of different systems but also from the specific study of a single system. Finally, in order to promote the further improvement and development of ZVI technology, the future research direction of ZVI technology is outlooked. This review is expected to provide a new research direction and a complete theoretical basis for improving the performances of ZVI technology in real environmental application.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Methods for enhancing reactivity of ZVI

2.1 Sulfidation

2.2 Addition of divalent metal cation

2.3 Weak magnetic field

2.4 Premagnetization

2.5 Addition of oxidants

2.6 Novel enhanced methods

2.7 Summary

3 Methods for enhancing electron efficiency of ZVI

3.1 Sulfidation

3.2 Addition of divalent metal cation

3.3 Addition of oxidants

3.4 Weak magnetic field

3.5 Summary

4 Mechanisms of the enhanced technologies

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: zerovalent iron(ZVI), reactivity, electron efficiency, corrosion, metal ion
Fig. 1 Eh-pH diagram for Fe0/H2O system at 298.15 K and 101.3 KPa. [Fe]tot = 10-4 mol·L-1
Fig. 2 Summary of rate constants for sequestration of metal(loids) (oxyan)ions with and without (a) sulfidation[15,42,43,45⇓⇓ ~48], (b) WMF[11,45,48⇓⇓ ~51], (c) premagnetization[14,52] by ZVI
Fig. 3 Summary of rate constants for sequestration of metal(loids) (oxyan)ions with and without addition of Fe2+[34, 48], addition of H2O2[48] and coupled effects of WMF and Fe2+[45] by ZVI
Fig. 4 Summary of removal capacity for sequestration of metal(loids) (oxyan)ions with and without sulfidation, addition of divalent metal cations, addition of H2O2 and WMF by ZVI[34,44,47,48,51,71]
Fig. 5 Summary of electron efficiency for sequestration of metal(loids) (oxyan)ions with and without (a) addition of divalent metal cations[34,44,47,48,71], (b) sulfidation[46⇓~48], WMF[48,51] and addition of H2O2[48] by ZVI
Fig. 6 Schematic illustration of the promotion mechanism for the performance of metal(loids) (oxyan)ions sequestration in ZVI/Fe2+, ZVI/H2O2, S-ZVI, and ZVI/WMF system
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