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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (5): 1153-1165 DOI: 10.7536/PC210510 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Regulating Cell Adhesion by Material Surface Properties

Xuanshu Zhong1, Zongjian Liu2, Xue Geng1, Lin Ye1(), Zengguo Feng1, Jianing Xi2()   

  1. 1. School of Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081, China
    2. Beijing Rehabilitation Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100044, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Lin Ye, Jianing Xi
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(2017YFC1104101)
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Biomaterials aim to achieve tissue regeneration and repair by regulating the interaction between materials and cells. The adhesion determines whether cells could perform the expected biological functions absolutely. Therefore, it is critical for biomaterials to regulate cell adhesion by surface physical and chemical properties, which have aroused more and more attention recently. The physical modification on materials surface usually includes the regulation of surface roughness, morphology, modulus, and porous properties in order to build a suitable environment for cell adhesion. On the other hand, the chemical modifications such as surface charge and hydrophobicity regulation, covalently grafting and encapsulating adhesion-promoting molecules into the surface have made great effort to improve the interaction between the material surface and the cell, which will be capable of promoting cell adhesion. In recent years, a great number of breakthroughs have been accomplished in the field. In addition to covalently graft various adhesion-promoting molecules on the surface, it is reported that the adhesion performance would be significantly promoted by precise control of the sequence of the adhesion-promoting molecules. The sequence modulation represents a new strategy of surface modification, which can greatly enhance cell adhesion without the introduction of more powerful cell-promoting molecules or increasing their density. Besides, the intelligent change of adhesion-promoting and anti-adhesion surface can be accomplished according to the stimuli of external signals, which has been successfully applied in cell sheet tissue engineering and shows promising potential to be put into clinical application. Consequently, the review comprehensively summarizes the influences of material surface properties on cell adhesion by physical and chemical surface modification as well as the regulation of stimuli-responsive surface, the designs of adhesion-promoting surface, the technologies of adhesion-promoting surface preparation, and discusses their prospects.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Cell adhesion regulated by surface physical properties

2.1 Surface roughness

2.2 Surface topography

2.3 Surface modulus and viscoelasticity

3 Cell adhesion regulated by surface chemical properties

3.1 Hydrophilicity and surface charge

3.2 Surface chemical modification by adhesion-promoting molecules and their sequence modulation

3.3 Surface encapsulation of adhesion-promoting molecules

4 Cell adhesion regulated by stimuli-responsive surface

4.1 Cell sheet tissue engineering

4.2 Supramolecular hydrogel with dynamic surface modulus

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: cell adhesion, biomedical materials, surface modification, sequence regulation, stimuli-responsive surface
Fig. 1 The mechanism and influencing factors of cell adhesion
Fig. 2 The selective adhesion of endothelial cells (EC) and smooth muscle cells (SMC) by surface roughness Sa[22]. Copyright 2021, Elsevier Bioactive Materials
Fig. 3 The various surface morphologies for cell adhesion
Fig. 4 Two strategies of chemical grafting of heparin to improve the surface hydrophilicity of materials
Fig. 5 The effect of ligand sequence on cell adhesion
Fig. 6 The molecular structure of polyrotaxane and its modulation on cell adhesion: (a)Molecular structure of rotaxane and polyrotaxane; (b)Polyrotaxane triblock copolymer and "polyrotaxane loop"[81]. Copyright 2012 Elsevier Colloids & Surfaces B Biointerfaces; (c)The rapid response mechanism of "polyrotaxane loop" to integrins[84]. Copyright 2013 American Chemical Society
Fig. 7 Functional coatings on various substrates by dopamine
Fig. 8 Hydroxyapatite film (HAP)-TiO2 -Ti composite structure
Fig. 9 Core-shell structure fiber loading with collagen in the shell: (a) Schematic diagram of coaxial electrospinning; (b) TEM photograph of core-shell structure fiber; (c) Endothelial cells adhesion on the scaffold with core-shell structure fiber
Fig. 10 Construction of stimuli-responsive materials surface for cell
Fig. 11 Polyrotaxane hydrogel with dynamic modulus
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