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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (4): 963-972 DOI: 10.7536/PC210438 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Progress of Synchrotron-Based Research on Atmospheric Science

Xiangrui Kong1(), Jing Dou2, Shuzhen Chen2,3, Bingbing Wang4, Zhijun Wu5()   

  1. 1 Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg SE-41296, Sweden
    2 Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, Zürich 8092, Switzerland
    3 Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
    4 State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102, China
    5 College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Xiangrui Kong, Zhijun Wu
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(41975160); Swedish Research Council(2021-04042); Swedish Foundation for International Cooperation in Research and Higher Education(CH2019-8361)
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As a novel and unique large-scale instrument, the synchrotron radiation facilities have been progressively applied to the research of atmospheric science. This article introduces the theoretical principles, key technologies, and recent major research results of key synchrotron radiation-based experimental methods. The main synchrotron radiation technologies include the atmospheric pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS), the near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) and the scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM). A key component (environmental cell) commonly used in all three technologies is explained in detail. This article classifies the collected research according to experimental types, i.e., APXPS experiments, liquid jet experiments and STXM experiments. The main topics include: (1) ice surface, (2) salt surface, (3) acidic solution, (4) organic solution, (5) halite solution, (6) ozonolysis, (7) soot, (8) ice nuclei, (9) hygroscopicity and (10) reaction mechanism. The development of synchrotron radiation facilities has provided strong support for the research of aerosol science and atmospheric heterogeneous chemistry, giving atmospheric scientists the ability to explore unknown fields and latitudes. It is foreseeable that more and more important atmospheric processes and mechanisms will be revealed by technologies based on synchrotron radiation, which will also reflect the great potential and value of synchrotron radiation devices in the field of atmospheric and environmental science.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Synchrotron-based techniques used in atmospheric science

2.1 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)

2.2 X-ray Adsorption Spectroscopy (XAS)

3 Key technologies for connecting synchrotron-based techniques and atmospheric science——Environmental cell

3.1 APXPS environmental chamber

3.2 Liquid jet environment chamber

3.3 STXM environmental chamber

4 Research progress

4.1 APXPS

4.2 Liquid jet

4.3 Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM)

5 Limitations and Outlook

6 Summary

Key words: aerosol, atmospheric science, synchrotron, interface science, heterogeneous chemistry, APXPS, STXM, XAS
Fig. 1 Illustration of the escape of photoelectron. K, L1, K2,3 are electron orbitals
Fig. 2 Illustration of the escape of Auger electron. K, L1, K2,3 are electron orbitals
Fig. 3 Schematic view of APXPS endstations
Fig. 4 Illustration of liquid jet environmental cell
Fig. 5 Illustration of STXM environmental cell
Fig. 6 Uptake and distribution of HCl on ice surface
Fig. 7 The NEXAFS spectra of (a) Na K-edge and (b) O K-edge at various RHs. The RH values are marked below the corresponding spectra. The order of measurements follows the top-down sequence. The letter r in the bracket stands for reverse, where the RH is reached from higher RH
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