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Progress in Chemistry 2022, Vol. 34 Issue (4): 815-823 DOI: 10.7536/PC210408 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Two-Photon Fluorescence Probe in Bio-Sensor

Hui Zhao1, Wenbo Hu2, Quli Fan1()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing 210023, China
    2 Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Quli Fan
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(19KJB140014); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(NY219125); Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(NY220024)
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Fluorescent probes have become a powerful tool for the study of complex biological systems due to their high sensitivity and selectivity. Compared with single-photon fluorescence probe, two-photon fluorescence probe (TPFP) plays an irreplaceable role in biosensor due to its larger penetration depth, lower interference of tissue autofluorescence and better spatial selectivity. In this review, starting from the design strategies of TPFP, we systematically and comprehensively introduce the application of TPFP in the determination of metal ions, celluar microenvironment, reactive species (including reactive oxygen species ROS, reactive nitrogen RNS, reactive sulfur RSS), enzymes, organelles (mitochondria, lysosomes) and so on. After that, we look forward to the key opportunities and challenges in the development and application of organic TPFP.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Design principle of two-photon fluorescence probes

3 Bio-application of two-photon fluorescence probes

3.1 Two-photon probes for metal ions

3.2 Two-photon probes for cellular microenvironment

3.3 Two-photon probes for reactive species

3.4 Two-photon probes for enzymes

3.5 Two-photon probes for organelles

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: fluorescent probe, two-photon absorption, bio-sensor
Fig. 1 Energy diagram of one-photon and two-photon excitation
Fig. 2 Energy diagram for photoinduced electron transfer (PET) (a), intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) (b) and Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) process[8]
Fig. 3 Detection of Zn2+ under acidic conditions with two-photon fluorescence probe, through the blocking of PET processes[11]
Fig. 4 Two-photon responses of the Zn2+ probe for imaging in brain tissue and zebrafish[19]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
Fig. 5 Two-photon fluorescence probe for the ratiometric detection of mitochondrial pH[23]
Fig. 6 Two-photon fluorescence probe for the detection of lysosomal polarity changes[25]
Fig. 7 Two-photon fluorescence probe for the detection of lysosomal polarity[26]
Fig. 8 Sensing mechanism of phosphinothioate-based two-photon fluorescence probe for the detection of O 2 · -[28]. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society
Fig. 9 Two-photon fluorescence probe for the detection of H2O2 and the proposed CO photo-release mechanism[30]
Fig. 10 The mechanism of two-photon fluorescence probe for the detection of HClO[31]
Fig. 11 The mechanism of two-photon fluorescence probe for the detection of NO[35]
Fig. 12 Dual-responsive two-photon fluorescent probe for the determination of H2S and HOCl[37]
Fig. 13 The working principle of the designed two-photon ratiometric fluorescent probe for the determination of BACEl[39]
Fig. 14 The two-photon fluorescent probe for the determination of mitochondria[44]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
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