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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (7): 1238-1248 DOI: 10.7536/PC210218 Previous Articles   

• Review •

Pt-Based Electrocatalysts with Special Three-Dimensional Morphology or Nanostructure

Xiangchun Tang, Jiaxiang Chen, Lina Liu, Shijun Liao*()   

  1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Shijun Liao
  • About author:
    * Corresponding author e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0102900); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFB0101201); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51971094); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21476088); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21776104); Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology(2015A030312007)
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Fuel cell technology and its industrialization have been developed rapidly in China in recent years. However, the high cost of the fuel cell caused mainly by the using of precious Pt catalysts is still one of the most important factors restricting the development of fuel cell commercialization. It is of great significance to develop low Pt catalysts with much higher catalytic efficiency and lower Pt loadings. In recent years, Pt-based catalysts with three-dimensional morphology or/nanostructures have been emerged as a type of ultra-important low Pt catalysts, due to their special morphology/structures, their catalytic activity are usually much higher than that of the widely used Pt/C catalysts. In this paper, the research progress of Pt-based catalysts with special three-dimensional morphology(such as nanoframe structure, flower-like structure, nanocage structure, sea urchin structure, etc.) and their applications in fuel cells are reviewed. Meanwhile, some weaknesses and challenges of these catalysts are concluded. Furthermore, the future development and application of these catalysts are prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Pt-based electrocatalysts with three-dimensional nanoframe structures

3 Pt-based electrocatalysts with three-dimensional nanoflower morphologies

4 Pt-based electrocatalysts with other three-dimensional structures

5 Conclusions and outlooks

Key words: fuel cell, Pt-based catalysts, three-dimensional morphology, catalytic activity, stability
Fig. 1 Two usually used methods for the synthesis of metal nanoframes[21]. Copyright 2016, Oxford Univ Press
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of synthesis of Pt cube nanoframe[26]. Copyright 2016, Wiley
Fig. 3 Structural schematic diagram of PtNi3nanometer polyhedron evolving into Pt3Ni NFs/C-With Pt-Skin and corresponding TEM images[16]. Copyright 2014, AAAS
Fig. 4 (a,b) Comparison of specific activity and mass activity of Pt/C, solid PtNi/C, Pt3Ni/C nanoframe, Pt3Ni/C nanoframes /IL at 0.95V (c) Electrochemical stability test of Pt3Ni NFS /C-with Pt-Skin catalyst and (d,e)HRTEM images of Pt3Ni NFS/C- with Pt-Skin catalyst[16]. Copyright 2014, AAAS
Fig. 5 (a) TEM image of the PtCu octagonal nanoframe; (b) An enlarged view of image a; (c) Spherical aberration TEM image; (d) Images of the HAADF-STEM and EDS mapping[33]. Copyright 2016, Wiley
Fig. 6 TEM image of PtCu rhombus dodecahedron nanoframe[34]. Copyright 2015, RSC
Fig. 7 Synthesis schematic diagram of PtCu@PtCuNi core-shell nanoframe[35]. Copyright 2017, ACS
Fig. 8 Electrochemical performance diagram of PtCu@PtCuNi catalyst[35]. Copyright 2017, ACS
Fig. 9 Synthesis diagram of O-PtCu NFs/C (a) and corresponding TEM images of different stages (b~d)[39]. Copyright 2020, ACS
Fig. 10 (a)CV curves, (b) ORR polarization curves, (c,d) SA and MA comparison of Pt, D-PtCu NFs/C and O-PtCu NFs/C before and after ADT test[39]. Copyright 2020, ACS
Fig. 11 Schematic illustration of the formation mechanism of Pt66Ni34 NFs[50]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier
Fig. 12 Low- (a) medium- (b) high- (c) magnification and high-resolution (d,e) TEM images of Pt66Ni34 NFs (f) The corresponding SAED pattern[50]. Copyright 2018, Elsevier
Fig. 13 Simultaneously acquired (a) HAADF and (b) BF images of Pd-Pt core-shell nanoparticles. (c) Pd and (d) Pt signal of EDX mapping. (e) Atomically resolved HAADF-STEM image of Pd-Pt interface[68]. Copyright 2016, ACS
Fig. 14 Synthesis schematic diagram of G-PtNi NS[78]. Copyright 2018, RSC
Table 1 ORR activity and ECSA of Pt-based catalysts with different morphologies
3D morphology Catalyst Electrolyte MAa@0.9V
(A/mgPt)		 SAb@0.9V
(mA/c m Pt 2)		 ECSAc
(m2/gPt)		 ref
nanoframe Pt frame/C 0.1 M HClO4 0.45 0.53 85 26
Pt3Ni NFs/C 0.1 M HClO4 5.70 NAd NAd 16
PtNi mutiframes/C 0.1 M HClO4 5.03 7.06 71 24
PtCu OFAs 0.1 M HClO4 3.26 5.98 55 33
PtCu@PtCuNi
Dentrite@Frame		 0.1 M HClO4 2.45 7.20 34 35
Co-PtCu RNF/C 0.1 M HClO4 1.56 5.03 31 36
PtCu RNF/C 0.1 M HClO4 0.77 2.56 30 36
Pt3Cu/TiN 0.1 M HClO4 2.43 5.32 46 37
O-PtCu NF/C 0.1 M HClO4 2.47 4.69 35 39
PtCo NFs 1.0 M KOH 0.55 1.09 50 40
PtCo ND-NFs 0.1 M HClO4 0.94 2.62 36 41
nanoflower Pt/C nanoflower 0.1 M HClO4 0.23 1.00 23 86
PtNiCo nanoflower 0.1 M HClO4 0.50 2.47 22 87
Au-Pd-Pt NFs/rGO 0.1 M HClO4 0.21 0.48 44 88
Pt-Pd-Ag nanoflowers 0.1 M HClO4 0.21 0.526 39 89
other 3D Pt-Pd-Ni 0.1 M HClO4 1.17 3.80 32 90
Pt nanocage 0.1 M HClO4 1.12 2.48 45 68
SOCT CuPt nanocage 0.1 M HClO4 0.30 0.70 43 91
G-PtNi 0.1 M HClO4 1.15 1.95 77 78
PtNi hollow nanochains 0.1 M HClO4 0.34 0.48 71 71
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