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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (11): 1935-1946 DOI: 10.7536/PC201214 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Application of Covalent Organic Framework-Based Nanosystems in Biomedicine

Zitao Hu, Yin Ding()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Yin Ding
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFF0215500); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21105047); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51773089); National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973091)
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Covalent organic frameworks(COFs)is a highly ordered crystalline porous polymer synthesized by dynamic covalent chemical method. Low density, large specific surface area, adjustable porosity, simple and diverse synthesis routes, designable functional units and structures, easy functionalization of surface and pore channels, and high physicochemical stability are the main characteristics of COFs. It has received extensive attention in molecular adsorption and separation, energy storage, photoelectricity, sensing, catalysis, chromatography materials, water treatment materials and biomedicine domains. This paper focuses on the recent research progress of COFs-based nanosystems in biomedical fields, such as biological detection and imaging, drug delivery, optical therapy and combination therapy, and finally summarize the current challenges and future development opportunities of COFs in biomedical field.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 COFs for biosensors and imaging

3 COFs for drug delivery

4 COFs for phototherapy

4.1 COFs for photothermal therapy

4.2 COFs for photodynamic therapy

4.3 COFs for synergistic therapy

5 Other application of COFs

6 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: covalent organic frameworks(COFs), drug delivery, photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, bioimaging
Table 1 Synthesis methods and biomedical applications of some COFs in recent three years
Nanosystems Synthetic method Biomedical applications ref
TTA-DFP COF Microwave-assisted method Bioimaging 21
TPI-COF Solvothermal reaction Bioimaging 68
FA-Pd NPs/CMC-COF-LZU1 Room temperature reaction Bioimaging 69
TpASH-NPHS 90 ℃ 12 h Bioimaging 70
UCCOFs Solvothermal reaction Imaging, photodynamic therapy 71
F68@SS-COFs Solvothermal reaction Drug delivery 76
DOX@COF Room temperature reaction Drug delivery 77
PEG-CCM@APTES
COF-1@DOX		 75 ℃ 24 h Drug delivery 78
FITC-PEG-COF@Ins-GOx Solvothermal reaction Drug delivery 79
5-FU@COF-HQ Solvothermal reaction Drug delivery 80
Fe-HCOF Room temperature reaction Photothermal therapy 88
CNP Room temperature reaction Photothermal therapy 89
Py-BPy+·-COF Solvothermal/Room temperature reaction Photothermal therapy 90
PCPP Solvothermal reaction Photodynamic therapy 33
PcS@COF-1 75 ℃ 20 h Photodynamic therapy 96
CONDs-PEG Solvothermal reaction Photodynamic therapy 97
COF-survivin Solvothermal reaction Imaging, photodynamic therapy 98
COF909 Solvothermal reaction Photodynamic therapy 99
COF-CuSe@PEG Room temperature reaction Photodynamic、Photothermal 100
COF-Ag2Se Room temperature reaction Photodynamic, photothermal 101
COF B Room temperature reaction Photodynamic, photothermal therapy 102
COF-366 Solvothermal reaction Photodynamic, photothermal 103
VONc@COF-Por Room temperature reaction Photodynamic, photothermal 104
COF@ICG@OVA Room temperature reaction Photodynamic, photothermal 105
ICG@COF-1@PDA 75 ℃ 20 h Photodynamic, photothermal 106
CaCO3@COF- BODIPY-2I@GAG Room temperature reaction Photodynamic therapy, Ca2+ overload 107
γ-SD/PLL Microwave irradiation MRI probe, chemo-thermotherapy 108
MnO2/ZnCOF@Au&BSA 80~85 ℃ 24 h Photothermal therapy, bioimaging 109
COF@IR783 Solvothermal reaction Chemotherapy, photothermal therapy 110
Fig. 1 Schematic illustrating the synthesis of TPI-COF. Illustration of the long-range order π-conjugated domain and the cooperative enhancement of a transition dipole in TPI-COF leads to a strong two-photon interaction. Reproduced from ref 68 with permission. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH
Fig. 2 Synthesis process of 3D porous crystalline PI-COFs and drug release performance of IBU-loaded PI-COF. Reproduced from ref 75 with permission. Copyright 2015, American Chemical Society
Fig. 3 Preparation of DOX-loaded PEG-CCM@APTES-COF-1@DOX and photographs of as-prepared samples in aqueous solution. Reproduced from ref 78 with permission. Copyright 2018, Springer Nature Limited
Fig. 4 (a) Transformation of Py-BPy-COF to cationic Py-BPy2+-COF and cationic radical Py-BPy+·-COF by two-step postmodification;(b) temperature changes upon exposure to 808 nm(left) and 1064 nm(right) lasers. Reproduced from ref 90 with permission. Copyright 2019, American Chemical Society
Fig. 5 (a) New COF-based photosensitizers from ROS-inert molecular motif;(b) the tumor weights and images of mice after pthotodynamics therapy. Reproduced from ref 99 with permission. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH.
Fig. 6 Schematic illustrating the fabrication process of ICG@COF-1@PDA nanosheets and its application in suppressing tumor metastasis through immunotherapy. Reproduced from ref 106 with permission. Copyright 2019, Wiley-VCH
Fig. 7 Synthetic procedure of CaCO3@COF-BODIPY-2I@GAG and schematic illustration of synergistic intracellular Ca2+ overload and PDT. Reproduced from ref 107 with permission. Copyright 2020, Wiley-VCH
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