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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (9): 1614-1626 DOI: 10.7536/PC200821 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Surface Coating Strategy: From Improving the Luminescence Stability to Lighting and Display Applications of All-Inorganic Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals

Zehao Hu1,2, Ting Chen1,2(), Yanqiao Xu2, Weihui Jiang2, Zhixiang Xie1   

  1. 1 Institute of Materials Science & Devices, Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou 215009, China
    2 School of Material Science and Engineering, Jingdezhen Ceramic Institute, Jingdezhen 333001, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Ting Chen
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52062019); Qinglan Praject of Jiangsu Province, and the Project of Jingdezhen Science and Technology Bureau(20192GYZD008-15); Qinglan Praject of Jiangsu Province, and the Project of Jingdezhen Science and Technology Bureau(20192GYZD008-18)
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All-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals have extremely broad application prospects in light emitting diode, solar cell and biomarker fields due to their excellent optoelectronic properties, i.e. high fluorescence quantum yield, high color purity and wide color gamut. However, the unsatisfactory stability caused by the ionic characteristics has seriously hindered their further application. Although many strategies, i.e. metal ions doping, surface passivation and coating, have been developed to improve stability, how to maintain stability when exposed to air, water, and polar solvents is still an urgent issue. In addition, anion exchange in perovskite may limit its application in multicolor luminescence display field. It is an ideal and effective strategy to improve the stability of perovskite nanocrystals by surface coating to maintain the high fluorescence quantum efficiency and avoid anion exchange, which has been receiving considerable attention of researchers. In this review, we summarize the root of instability for lead halide perovskite nanocrystals, and introduce the current research progress of surface coating strategy for all-inorganic lead halide perovskite in detail, as well as its applications in the lighting and display field. Finally, the challenges concerning the development of the lead halide perovskite nanocrystals are outlined and the main future research directions are concluded.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Properties of all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

2.1 Crystal structure

2.2 Optical property

2.3 Stability

3 Surface coating strategy

3.1 Organic matrix coating

3.2 Inorganic oxide coating

3.3 Inorganic non-oxide coating

4 Applications of all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite in WLED

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: all-inorganic lead halide perovskite, nanocrystals, coating, optical property, lighting and display
Fig.1 Structure of perovskite ABX3[19]. Copyright 2009, ACS
Fig.2 (a) Typical point defects in CsPbX3 NCs, (b) schematic representation of electronic band structure of typical defect-intolerant semiconductors and CsPbX3 NCs, and (c) schematic representation of local structural deformation of the Pb-Br framework[32]. Copyright 2020, Wiley online library
Fig.3 Schematic illustration of the preparation process of CsPbBr3@PS (a) and CsPbBr3@PVP (b)[61,64]. Copyright 2017, ACS
Fig.4 (a) PLQY of CsPbBr3@SHFW NCs, (b) photographs of CsPbBr3@SHFW composite powders immersed in water for 3 months and 6 months, respectively, (c) photographs of CsPbX3@SHFW composite powders, and water drops on the composite films under white light and 365 nm UV light, respectively, (d) PL spectra[64]. Copyright 2019, ACS
Fig.5 Schematic illustration of the synthetic strategy of the mesoporous ZJU-28 (a) and CsPbX3@ZJU-28 (b)[65]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier
Fig.6 (a) Preparation of CsPbBr3@SiO2 NCs by direct mixing method, preparation of CsPbBr3@SiO2 NCs using (b) mesoporous silica and (c) APTES as silicon source[70,73]. Copyright 2016, Willey Online Library; 2016, ACS; 2020, Elsevier
Fig.7 (a) the environmental stability, (b) the photostability of CsPbBr3@TiO2 core/shell NCs[76]. Copyright 2017, Willey Online Library
Fig.8 (a) Synthetic procedure of the mSiO2-ABX3@AlOx shells coated via ALD method, (b) time resolved relative PL intensity of mSiO2-CsPbBr3 with different AlOx shell thickness[80]. Copyright 2020, Elsevier
Fig.9 Synthesis process schematic of (a) CsPbBr3 embedded in KX salt, (b) CsPbBr3@NH4Br and (c) RDP@Pb(OH)Br NCs[82⇓~84]. Copyright 2016, 2020, ACS; 2017, Royal Society of Chemistry
Fig.10 (a) Schematic illustration of the preparation of CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6 NCs, (b) photographs of Cs4PbBr6, CsPbBr3 and CsPbBr3@Cs4PbBr6 powders under ambient and 365 nm UV light[88]. Copyright 2018, Royal Society of Chemistry
Table 1 Influence of different core-shell materials on stability of all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
Materials PL intensity ref
Water UV Thermal Humidity
CsPbBr3@PS 20%~30% after 30 days - - - 63
CsPbBr3@ZJU-28 - 84.5% after 80 h 64.7% at 20~160 ℃ 83.5% after 60 days 65
CsPbBr3@Uio-67 - - 85% at 30~200 ℃ 98% after 30 days 89
CsPbBr3@SiO2 - 80% after 96 h 96% at 100 ℃ - 70
CsPbBr3@SiO2 - - 53% at 80 ℃ - 73
CsPbBr3@SiO2 80% after 7 days 98% after 10 h - - 90
CsPbBr3@SSip 90% after 90 days 91
CsPbBr3/TiO2 - 75% after 24 h - - 76
CsPbBr3@TeO2 90% after 120 h, 60% after 45 days 96% after 70 h - 62% after 30 days 77
CsPbBr3/AlOx 99% after 25 days 97% after 8 h - - 78
mSiO2-APbX3@AlOx 95% after 8 h - - - 80
CsPbBr3/KX - - - 50% after 14 days 82
CsPbBr3@NH4Br 40% after 3.5 h - 96% at 15~100 ℃ 95% after 30 days 83
RDP@Pb(OH)Br - 60% after 1 h - 93% after 25 days 84
Table 2 Performance of core-shell all-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals based QLED
Materials Max. L
(cd/m2)		 Max. CE
(cd/A)		 MAX. EQE ref
CsPbBr3 65 0.14 0.07 86
CsPbBr3@CdS 354 0.3 0.4
CsPbBr3@CsPb2Br5 - - 0.45 96
Fig.11 Schematics of the two principal white-lighting strategies of pc-WLED devices: (a) a blue chip with a yellow down converting phosphor, (b) a UV chip with red, green and blue (RGB) phosphors[102]. Copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry
Fig.12 Time-dependent PL spectra and CIE color coordinates of WLED based on: (a,b) CsPbBr3@SiO2 and (c,d) CsPbBr3 NCs[90]. Copyright 2017, ACS
Table 3 Optoelectronic performances of WLEDs based on core/shell structure all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals
Materials CIE CRI Luminous efficiency/ lm·W-1 CCT/K ref
CsPbBr3@POSS (0.349, 0.383) 81 14.1 - 62
CsPbX3@ZJU-28 (0.3812, 0.3527) 84.2 - 3748 65
CsPbX3@Uio-67 (0.3690, 0.3437) - - 4082 89
CsPbBr3@SiO2 (0.33, 0.33) - 61.2 - 72
CsPbBr3@SSip (0.33, 0.33) 54.3 22.6 - 91
CsPbBr3@TeO2 (0.33, 0.35) 80~92 50~60 2400~6600 77
mSiO2-ABX3@AlOx (0.304, 0.318) - - 7106 80
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