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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (7): 1159-1174 DOI: 10.7536/PC200718 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Application of Electrospun Fibers in Supercapacitors

Xiangye Li1, Tianjiao Bai1, Xin Weng1, Bing Zhang1, Zhenzhen Wang1, Tieshi He1,2,*()   

  1. 1 School of Chemistry & Materials Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, China
    2 Liaoning Engineering Technology Center of Supercapacitor, Jinzhou 121000, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Tieshi He
  • About author:
    * Corresponding author e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFF0413818); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China(0518XN011); Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China(0519BS014); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21671025); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21471021); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Liaoning Province, China(202010167019); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Liaoning Province, China(S202010167045); Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Project of Liaoning Province, China(S202010167046)
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The increasing demand for high-performance supercapacitor has promoted the rapid development of separators and electrode materials. Recently, electrospun nanofibers have been widely used as separators and electrode materials of supercapacitor, which is due to the high porosity, high electrochemical activity, large specific surface area and good structural stability. In this survey, the recent research progress in separator membranes and electrode materials of supercapacitor is reviewed. The discussion focuses on obtaining electrode materials for supercapacitor by electrospinning and other post-processing methods, including carbon nanofibers, carbon-based composite nanofibers, conductive polymer-based composite and metal oxide nanofibers. These investigation demonstrate that pore structure construction, activation treatment, and heteroatom doping can improve the specific surface area, electrochemical activity, wettability, and graphitization degree of carbon nanofibers, furthermore the electrochemical properties of electrode materials are enhanced. Moreover, combining carbon nanofibers with metal oxides, conductive polymers via blending, chemical deposition, electrochemical deposition, etc., can also improve capacitance, rate performance, and cycling stabilities of electrode materials. In addition, the existing problems of the regarding studies are pointed out. Finally, the future developments of electrospun nanofiber materials in supercapacitor is prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Separators

3 Electrode materials

3.1 Electrode materials of electric double layer capacitors

3.2 Electrode materials of pseudocapacitors

4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: electrospinning, supercapacitor, nanofiber, separator, electrode
Fig. 1 SEM images of electrospun NFs and CNFs, corresponding cross-section of CNFs and the diameter distribution of the electrospun nanofibers[56]
Fig. 2 (a)Schematic illustration of the synthesis process for CNFs, (b)SEM images of CNFs, (c)specific capacitance of CNFs at different current densities, (d)specific capacitances at 1 A/g current density[63]
Fig. 3 (a) CV curves at different scan rates; (b) charge-discharge curves at different current densities; (c) Nyquist plot; (d) cycling stability at a current density of 6 A/g over 10 000 cycles[80]
Fig. 4 (a) Schematic illustration of the production processes for supercapacitor based on the N-S co-doped activated lignin-based carbon nanofibers, (b) SEM images of CNFs prepared with 0.30 wt% GNs, (c) Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms, (d) cycling stability of the symmetric supercapacitor devices[99]
Fig. 5 (a) Schematic illustration, SEM and TEM images of Co3O4/CNF nanocomposite, (b) Specific capacitance at current density for different electrode materials, (c) cyclic performance of Co3O4/CNFs (4∶3) at 2 A/g Charge/discharge profiles[140]
Fig. 6 (a) cyclic performance of PANI-CNT before and after cycling for 1000 cycles; (b) Specific capacitance at current density for different electrode materials.
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