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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (7): 1126-1137 DOI: 10.7536/PC200711 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Fabrication and Application of Photonic Crystal Biochemical Sensor

Huipeng Hou, Axin Liang, Bo Tang, Zongkun Liu, Aiqin Luo*()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Aiqin Luo
  • About author:
    * Corresponding author e-mail:
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Photonic crystal biochemical sensing is a promising analytical method which amplifies or converts biochemical signals into photoelectrically readable signals and performs quantitative or semi-quantitative analysis by instruments or naked eyes, based on the structural characteristics of photonic crystals. This review mainly focuses on the three aspects of the photonic crystal biochemical sensor: material selection and fabrication, sensing mechanism, design and application. Firstly, in terms of material selection and fabrication, this article reviews the monodisperse colloidal nanoparticles, electromagnetic composite colloidal nanoparticles, nanowires, metal organic frameworks and so on. Secondly, the sensing mechanism is briefly introduced from three aspects: structure color, slow light effect and photoelectric conversion mechanism. Further, the design and application of visible photonic crystal biochemical sensor, fluorescence enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor, Raman enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor, evanescent wave enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor, surface infrared absorption enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor and photoelectric signal enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor are reviewed, based on the perspective of interaction effect of photonic crystal and light. Finally, the future of photonic crystal biochemical sensor is prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Material selection and fabrication of photonic crystal biochemical sensor

2.1 Monodisperse colloidal nanoparticles

2.2 Electromagnetic composite colloidal nanoparticles

2.3 Nanowires

2.4 Metal organic frameworks

2.5 Other materials

3 Sensing mechanism of photonic crystal biochemical sensor

3.1 Structure color

3.2 Slow light effect

3.3 Photoelectric conversion mechanism

4 Design and application of photonic crystal biochemical sensor

4.1 Visible photonic crystal biochemical sensor

4.2 Fluorescence enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor

4.3 Raman enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor

4.4 Evanescent wave enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor

4.5 Surface infrared absorption enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor

4.6 Photoelectric signal enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor

4.7 Other photonic crystal biochemical sensors

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: photonic crystal biochemical sensor, visible assay, fluorescence enhancement, molecular imprinting, metal organic frameworks
Fig. 1 Construction methods of photonic crystals. (a) vertical deposition self-assembly; (b) vertical lifting; (c) self-assembly of 2D photonic crystals; (d) magnetic field induction; (e) electric field induction; (f) layer by layer assembly of nanowires)[32,35⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓~42]
Fig. 2 Bragg-Snell diffraction peak displacement diagram of photonic crystals induced by external stimuli
Fig. 3 Slow light mechanism in photonic crystals waveguide. (a) Patterns of Fabry-Perot; (b) Patterns of Brillouin zone edge Littrow; (c) Patterns of inside Brillouin zone anticrossing modes[53,54]
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of photo-generated electron-hole reaction of photoelectrochemical active material. (a) redox reaction; (b) electron-hole recombination; (c) photocurrent formation under external electric field[56]
Fig. 5 Photonic crystal biochemical sensor for identifying ethanol content[57]
Fig. 6 Simplified scheme of molecularly imprinted inverse opal photonic crystals’ construction[60]
Table 1 Visible molecularly imprinted photonic crystal biochemical sensors for molecules detection
No. Particles Target Color change Linear range ref
1 PS L-kynurenine from red to green 50~1000 nmol/L 65
2 L-proline from blue to red 0~16 wt% 66
3 oxytetracycline from blue to orange 0~60 μmol/L 37
4 clindamycin hydrochloride from blue to red. 0.1~1 mmol/L 38
5 L-pyroglutamic acid from yellow-green to red 0.01~0.5 mmol/L 67
6 Protein kinases from green to black 5~25 mmol/L 68
7 SiO2 α-amanitin from blue to green 10-9~10-3 mg/L 69
8 benzocaine from green to orange 0.1~20 mmol/L 70
9 melamine from green to red 10-1~10-6 mol/L 32
10 hemoglobin bovine from navy blue to pearl blue 0~1 mg/mL 61
Fig. 7 The diagram of eight-channel photonic crystal microfluidic device
Table 2 Fluorescence enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensor for molecules detection
NO. Particle Target Fluorescent Linear range ref
1 P(MMA-BA) CEA FITC/Cy3 0.01~0.5 μg/ml 72
2 P(MMA-BA) AFP FITC/Cy3 0.01~0.5 μg/ml 72
3 SiO2 DNA calcein 1~1000 copies 76
4 SiO2 Bi3+ rhodamine 6G 10~400 nmol/L 71
5 SiO2 formaldehyde fluoral-p 0.8~19.2 mg/m3 77
6 SiO2/P(MMA-BA) CEA luminol 1~100 ng/mL 74
7 SiO2/P(MMA-BA) AFP luminol 1~50 ng/mL 74
8 SiO2/P(MMA-BA) CA125 luminol 1~100 ng/mL 74
Fig. 8 Au NPs incorporated inverse opal photonic crystal capillary for SERS[78]
Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of bacteria captured by photonic crystal cavity[82]
Fig. 10 Schematic illustration of the detection mechanism of photoelectric signal enhanced photonic crystal biochemical sensors under light excitation[85]
Table 3 Other photonic crystal biochemical sensors for molecules detection
No. Particles Target Peak shift(nm) Response time(min) Linear range ref
1 PS cinchonine 24 5 0~10-3 mol/L 89
2 PS sulfonamides 70 5 3.8~22.8 μmol/L 90
3 PS L-phenylalanine 114 0.5 10-8~10-4 mol/L 91
4 SiO2 cholic acid 30 1 10-12~10-6 mol/L 92
5 SiO2 fibrinopeptide B - 20 0.2~22 ng/mL 22
6 SiO2 sulfaguanidine 48.1 5 10-8~10-3 mol/L 60
7 SiO2 LDPZ - 30 0~20 mmol/L 88
8 SiO2 S-layer protein 12 3 0~1 mg/mL 87
9 PMMA 17β-estradiol - 6 50~1000 μmol/L 93
10 P(MMA-AAPBA) Transferrin 0 15 2×10-3~200 ng/mL 7
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