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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (2): 179-187 DOI: 10.7536/PC200637 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Multicolor Luminescent Gold Nanoclusters: From Structure to Biosensing and Bioimaging

Yafang Sun1,2, Ziping Zhou1,2, Tong Shu1,2,3,*(), Lisheng Qian1,*(), Lei Su1,2, Xueji Zhang1,2,4,*()   

  1. 1 Research Center for Biomedical and Health Science, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
    2 Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, Research Center for Bioengineering and Sensing Technology, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
    3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates, South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640, China
    4 School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Tong Shu, Lisheng Qian, Xueji Zhang
  • About author:
    * Correspondence: (Tong Shu);
    (Lisheng Qian);
    (Xueji Zhang)
    †These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21904011); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21890742); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-19-010A3); Open Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Luminescence from Molecular Aggregates(South China University of Technology)(2019B030301003)
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Gold nanoclusters are a new kind of "Quasi-molecule" nanomaterials with luminescent properties. By controlling the number of gold atoms and the composition of ligands, gold nanoclusters can realize the emission of different bands under the same excitation, thus showing the "colorful" luminescence characteristics, which make them widely used in many fields such as photocatalysis, optical devices, sensing, and imaging. Therefore, the development and optimization of the synthesis method of gold nanoclusters with good fluorescence performance have been a research hotspot in the field of chemical biomaterials. In this paper, based on the luminescent color of gold nanoclusters, the synthesis principles and methods of corresponding gold nanoclusters are summarized according to different colors, and the factors affecting the luminescent properties of gold nanoclusters are explored. At the same time, the applications of these "colorful" gold nanoclusters in biosensing and bioimaging in recent years are summarized, and the challenges and development trends of gold nanoclusters are discussed and prospected respectively.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Blue and green luminescent gold nanoclusters

2.1 Synthesis

2.2 Application

3 Yellow, orange and red luminescent gold nanoclusters

3.1 Synthesis

3.2 Application

4 Near-infrared gold nanoclusters

4.1 Synthesis

4.2 Application

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: gold nanoclusters, luminescence, ligands, biosensing, bioimaging
Fig. 1 Adjusting the fluorescence performance of blue-green fluorescent gold nanoclusters by the number of gold atoms and the properties of ligands.(a) Adjusting the number of gold atoms with pH to influence the fluorescence color of gold nanoclusters[27].(b) Adjusting the properties of ligands with small molecule L-arginine to influence the green fluorescence intensity of gold nanoclusters[29]
Fig. 2 Schematic diagram of fluorescence intensity change of green fluorescent gold nanoclusters in the detection of arginase[31]
Fig. 3 (a) Schematic diagram of the influence of etching time on the fluorescent color of gold nanoclusters by adjusting the number of gold atoms in the synthesis of yellow orange red fluorescent gold nanoclusters by etching and (b) their corresponding emission spectra[37]
Fig. 4 Schematic diagram of cell imaging and fluorescence performance comparison between red fluorescent gold nanoclusters and SYTO9 nucleic acid dyes[45]
Fig. 5 Emission spectra of AuNCs@GSH in the molar ratios of [GSH]/[HAuCl4] from 0.85∶1 to 1.1∶1.[62]
Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of near infrared gold nanoclusters for in vivo imaging[65]
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