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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (3): 417-425 DOI: 10.7536/PC200603 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Stretchable Conductive Polymer Composites Prepared with Nano-Carbon Fillers

Tianyong Zhang1, Wei Wu1,2, Jian Zhu2, Bin Li1,*(), Shuang Jiang1,*()   

  1. 1 School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072, China
    2 School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Nankai University,Tianjin 300350, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Bin Li, Shuang Jiang
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21908161)
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Carbon-based materials have excellent conductivity, good stability, and low price. They are widely used in the preparation of stretchable conductive nanocomposites, and have tremendous application potential in the field of stretchable and wearable electronic devices, which has attracted lots of attention. This paper introduces the carbon-based materials, such as carbon black, carbon nanotubes and graphene. The preparation methods of these nanocomposites are also summarized, such as in-situ polymerization, melt blending and solution mixing, followed by the introduction of traditional and new printing technology. Then this paper analyzes the conductive mechanisms of composite materials including the percolation threshold, and focuses on their application in the field of stretchable sensors and stretchable energy storage devices. The shortcomings of the current research on stretchable conductive composites based on nano-carbon fillers are pointed out: poor dispersion of conductive fillers, unstable conductive network and inability to mass-produce, and the corresponding solutions are put forward. Finally, the applications of stretchable conductive composites based on nano-carbon fillers are prospected, including miniaturized, stretchable and wearable electronic devices.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Conductive composites based on nano?carbon fillers

2.1 Carbon black

2.2 Carbon nanotube

2.3 Graphene

3 Preparation of stretchable conductive composites

3.1 Polymer

3.2 Preparation of conductive ink

3.3 Printing technology

4 Conduction mechanism of stretchable conductive composites based on nano?carbon fillers

5 Application

5.1 Stretchable sensors

5.2 Stretchable energy storage device

6 Conclusion

Key words: carbon material, polymer, composites, stretchable electronic equipment, percolation threshold
Fig.1 Carbon-based conductive filler
Fig.2 Conductivity of carbon black conductive nanocomposite material as a function of stretchability
Fig.3 Conductivity of CNT conductive nanocomposite material as a function of stretchability
Fig.4 Conductivity of graphene conductive nanocomposite material as a function of stretchability
Fig.5 Schematic representation of preparation methods of stretchable conductive composites
Fig.6 Schematic diagram of printing technology,(a) blade coating,(b) screen printing,(c) spray,(d) flexography printing,(e) silk screen printing,(f) inkjet printing,(g) 3D printing[36]
Fig.7 Schematic diagram of percolation theory[39]
Table 1 Application of carbon-based stretchable conductive nanocomposites in sensors
Conductive filler Polymer Preparation Application ref
Graphene Polysiloxane In situ polymerization Strain sensor 47
Graphene Polydimethylsiloxane CVD Strain sensor 48
Carbon black Styrene-butadiene rubber Melt compounding Pressure Sensor 15
Graphene Polydimethylsiloxane CVD Strain sensor 26
CNT Polyurethane CVD Strain sensor 19
CNT Polydimethylsiloxane Solution blending Triaxial strain sensor 49
Carbon black Polydimethylsiloxane Solution blending Pressure Sensor 50
Graphite Acrylate Solution blending Temperature Sensor 51
Table 2 Application of carbon-based stretchable conductive nanocomposites in energy storage
Conductive filler Polymer Preparation Application ref
Carbon black/CNT Ecoflex Solution blending Lithium ion battery 6
CNT Cellulose Infiltration with polymer Supercapacitor 53
CNT Polydimethylsiloxane Solution blending Generator 54
Graphene Polydimethylsiloxane Infiltration with polymer Sodium ion battery 55
Graphene Polyaniline Solution blending Supercapacitor 56
Fig.8 Properties and applications of conductive nanocomposites[18,20,25](a) stretchable active matrix display,(b) stretchable conductor,(c) stretchable light-emitting display
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