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Progress in Chemistry 2021, Vol. 33 Issue (2): 243-253 DOI: 10.7536/PC200504 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Catalyst in Acetylene Carbonylation: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous

Xuemei Wei1,2, Zhanwei Ma1,*(), Xinyuan Mu1, Jinzhi Lu1,2, Bin Hu1,*()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
    2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Zhanwei Ma, Bin Hu
  • About author:
    * Corresponding author e-mail: (Zhanwei Ma);
    (Bin Hu)
  • Supported by:
    CAS “Light of West China” Program and the Science and Technology Plan of Gansu Province(20JR10RA044)
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The dicarbonylation of acetylene small molecule, produced based on non-petroleum routes, can produce a large number of high value-added chemicals, which is of great significance in the environmental treatment of CO gas emissions and the chemicals application. The artide mainly reviews the advances in research on the catalyst in acetylene carbonylation from homogeneous to heterogeneous, and summarize the effects of catalyst types and additives on the acetylene mono-/bi-carbonylation reaction activity. Based on the analysis of the reaction mechanism, this article introduces the design ideas for the preparation of high-efficiency catalysts by adjusting the structural sensitivity factors(size effect and morphology effect). Thus the method for controllable preparation of the micro-nano structure of the heterogeneous catalyst and the structure-activity relationship are further reviewed, with a view to provide guidance for the design of a heterogeneous catalytic system for efficient acetylene carbonylation in the future.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Homogeneous catalytic system for acetylene carbonylation

2.1 Carbonyl metal homogeneous catalytic system

2.2 Transition metal salt homogeneous catalytic system

3 Heterogeneous catalytic system for acetylene carbonylation

3.1 Nickel-based heterogeneous catalyst

3.2 Palladium-based heterogeneous catalyst

4 Palladium-based catalyst micro-nano structure construction

4.1 Palladium particle size controllable preparation

4.2 Pd-based catalyst morphology controllable preparation

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: acetylene dicarbonylation, homogeneous catalyst, heterogeneous catalyst, nanostructure, morphology
Fig. 1 The synthesis of basic organic chemical intermediates by coal-based acetylene mono-/di-carbonylation method
Fig. 2 Ligands for carbonyl metal catalytic system with good catalytic activity[8]
Fig. 3 The plausible mechanism for acetylene dicarbonylation[28]
Table 1 Palladium-based homogeneous catalytic carbonylation of alkynes
Entry Catalyst T
(℃) 		P
(MPa) 		Yield
(%) 		ref
1 Pd/Cl2 100 9.8 38.5 23
2 Pd(OAc)2-diphenyl-2-
pyridylphosphine 		50 5 85.0 24
3 PdCl2-HgCl2 -20 0.1 96.0 25
4 PdCl2-SnCl2 r.t > 0.1 100 26
5 PdCl2-thiourea 20 0.1 90 28
6 PdCl2/CuCl2/
HCl/O2 		r.t 0.1 Eq. 29
7 PdCl2/FeCl3/
H2SO4/O2 		35 0.004 47.8 30
8 PdI2/KI/Air 60 3.0 92 31
9 Pd(OAc)2/HQ-Cl/
NPMoV/O2 		25 0.1 85 32
10 Pd(xantphos)Cl2 25 0.1 97 33
11 PdX2-HY-Ox-O2 25 0.1 100 35
12 PdBr2-LiBr 25 0.1 94.9 37
Fig. 4 Plausible mechanism proposed for acetylene dicarbonylation cis-trans isomerization[34]
Fig. 5 The principle of redox cycles[38]
Fig. 6 Proposed reaction mechanism and inhibition by AA[43]
Fig. 7 Active sites on the Ni-modified catalyst surface[45]
Fig. 8 Microstructure of Pd/α-Fe2O3 catalyst[47]
Fig. 9 The acetylene conversion and selectivity(line chart) for dimethyl fumarate Pd/α-Fe2O3 as catalyst[47]
Fig. 10 (A)Schematic illustrating how continuous growth on the {100} planes eventually leads to the transformation of a Pd cube bound by {100} facets into an octahedron enclosed by {111} facets, and(B) SEM images of the Pd nanoparticles[59]
Fig. 11 Micromorphology images of Pd concave nanocubes[50]
Fig. 12 FE-SEM and HR-TEM images of(A1, A2, A3) Fe2O3-R,(B1, B2, B3) Fe2O3-S, and(C1, C2, C3) Fe2O3-C[64]
Fig. 13 TEM and SEM images of the as-prepared CeO2 nanocrystals and the corresponding catalysts:(a, b, and c) nanocubes,(d, e, and f) nanorods,(g and h) Ru/r-CeO2 and Ru/c-CeO2, and(i) nanoparticles(p-CeO2) [66]
Fig. 14 Illustration of the morphological evolution process of the titanium glycerolate precursor[69]
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