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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (9): 1344-1351 DOI: 10.7536/PC200104 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Electrically Switched Ion Membrane for Ion Selective Separation and Recovery: From ESIX to ESIPM

Fengfeng Gao1, Yanyan Yang1, Xiao Du1, Xiaogang Hao1,**(), Guoqing Guan2, Bing Tang3   

  1. 1. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
    2. Institute of Regional Innovation(IRI), Hirosaki University, Aomori 030-0813, Japan
    3. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Xiaogang Hao
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program with Key Special Project of Intergovernmental Cooperation on International Science and Technology Innovation(2017YFE0129200); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21276173, 21476156, 21576184, 21706181, 21776191); the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(201901D211054)
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Electrically switched ion membrane(ESIM) separation is a novel ion selective separation and recovery technology developed in recent years. To date, the target ion species separated by using ESIM have involved various metal cations and anions. ESIM separation is originated from electrically switched ion exchange(ESIX) technology, whose highly efficient operation depends on the electroactive ion exchange material(EIXM) with unique ion exchange function. Reversible ion loading/unloading can be easily controlled by modulating the redox states of the EIXM with both electronic and ionic conductivity to perform the separation of target ions from mixed solution and regeneration of the matrix. Therefore, the secondary waste is eliminated due to that the chemical regeneration of the ion-exchange matrix is not necessary. This paper begins with a brief introduction of EIXM to the structure design and controllable preparation of membrane/film materials, then the research progress of various mechanisms of ESIX and the development and application of some novel ESIX-ESIM modules are outlined. The development course from intermittent operation of ESIX to electrically switched ion permselective membrane(ESIPM) based on the ESIX principle is summarized. It is necessary to emphasize the design and synthesis of novel structural ESIM materials and the development of the corresponding membrane modules focused on the selective separation of target ions, then finally the industrial application of ESIM could be realized.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Design, structure and controllable preparation of EIXM

3 Electrically switched ion exchange/separation mechanism

3.1 Traditional ESIX mechanism

3.2 ESIX-PTPS mechanism

3.3 ESIX-IIP coupling mechanism

3.4 ESIX-pH conversion mechanism

3.5 Electrically switched ion permselective membrane separation mechanism

4 Membrane modules development and application

5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: electrically switched ion membrane, ion exchange, electroactive material, permselectivity, membrane separation, separation mechanism, membrane module
Fig.1 The ESIX process of NiHCF
Fig.2 The ESIX-PTPS mechanism of α-ZrP/PANI complex film[33, 34]
Fig.3 Strategy for the preparation of Ni2+ ion imprinted ferricyanide/PPy[12]. Copyright 2015, ACS
Fig.4 The EDL-ESIPM mechanism of carbon-based membrane[55]. Copyright 2017, Elsevier
Fig.5 Schematic for the process of ESIPM[66]. Copyright 2012, Taiyuan University of Technology
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