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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (6): 713-726 DOI: 10.7536/PC191016 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Preparation of the Ultralow Density Aerogel and Its Application

Jian Li1, Enshuang Zhang1, Yuanyuan Liu1, Hongyan Huang1, Yuefeng Su2, Wenjing Li1,**()   

  1. 1. Aerospace Institute of Advanced Materials and Processing Technology, Beijing 100074, China
    2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Wenjing Li
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21875022)
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Ultralow density aerogel is a kind of porous solid material with super lightweight property which has a higher porosity and more diversified surface properties than common aerogel. The unique physical and chemical characteristics make ultralow density aerogel a new nano-porous material to be applied in many new research fields. Recently, it is a research focus of the aerogel field to preserve the highly developed three dimensional pore structure in the fabrication process of the ultralow density aerogel, and make its unique characteristics to be functioned in practical applications. In this review, according to the main types of the ultralow density aerogel, the up to date research progress of its preparation technologies is introduced. Moreover, the application modes and functional characteristics of the ultralow density aerogel in the fields of space exploration, fire and heat resistantance, energy storage, adsorption, catalysis and sensing are discussed. By discussing the existing problems of the current research, perspectives of the ultralow density aerogel, such as breaking through the ambient drying method, carrying out the fabrication of composite aerogel or ultralow density aerogel with controlled structure, systematic studying the influence of the super lightweight property on specific functions are also presented.

Contents

1 Introduction
2 Ultralow density inorganic aerogel

2.1 Inorganic oxide aerogel

2.2 Inorganic and non-oxide aerogel

3 Ultralow density organic aerogel

3.1 Nanocellulose aerogel

3.2 Organic polymer aerogel

4 Ultralow density carbon aerogel

4.1 Carbon nanofiber aerogel

4.2 Carbon nanotube aerogel

4.3 Graphene aerogel

5 Applications of ultralow density aerogel

5.1 Capture of space particles

5.2 Fire and heat resistant material

5.3 Host for electrode material

5.4 Adsorbing material

5.5 Catalyst material

5.6 Sensing material

6 Conclusion and outlook
Key words: aerogel, ultralow density, high porosity, porous material, sol-gel, energy storage
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the fabrication of CNFAs[7]. Copyright 2018, American Association for the Advancement of Science
Fig. 2 TEM images of the (a) Au/Ag, (b) Pd/Ag, (c) Pt/Ag aerogels and (d) magnified TEM image of the Au/Ag aerogel[32]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society
Fig. 3 Structure-property relationships of PI aerogels with different cross-linkers[45]. Copyright 2017, Wiley
Fig. 4 (a) The schematic illustration of the synthesis process of the cellular GA;(b) whole view SEM of the GA;(c) and(d)the closely linked pores with polyhedral morphology;(e) ultrathin and wrinkled aerogel wall[74]. Copyright 2016, Springer Nature
Fig. 5 (a) The ultralow density SiO2 aerogel heat shield;(b) The ultralow density and transparent PI aerogel panel;(c) The cold protective jacket based on the low density PI aerogel
Fig. 6 TEM image of CoO x /NG aerogel[93]. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society
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