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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (6): 803-816 DOI: 10.7536/PC191004 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

P2-Structure Layered Composite Metal Oxide Cathode Materials for Sodium Ion Batteries

Jianwen Liu1, Heyang Jiang1, Chihang Sun1, Wenbin Luo1, Jing Mao2,**(), Kehua Dai1,3,**()   

  1. 1. School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
    2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
    3. Department of Chemistry, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Jing Mao, Kehua Dai
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51604244)
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Nowadays, lithium ion batteries as one of alkali metal(lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.) ion batteries have been widely used in all aspects of industry and life, and contribute to the success of automation, informatization and intelligence of society. However, due to the low abundance of lithium in the crust of earth, sodium-ion batteries based on sodium of high abundance have attracted extensive attention of researchers and society. Among all the component, cathode material is an important factor restricting the practicality of sodium ion batteries. Cathode materials need to be developed for practical application. P2-structure layered composite metal oxide sodium ion battery cathode material has many advantages, such as abundant resources, simple preparation, stable structure, high discharge capacity, good rate performance, good cycle stability, etc. It has attracted extensive attention of researchers and has a practical prospect. This series of materials are complex due to the combination of various transition metal elements. In this paper, the P2-structure materials containing single transition metal, binary transition metals, ternary transition metals and even more components and their optimization and modification are systematically reviewed. The future development prospects and predictions are given. The main problem of P2-structure cathode material is to improve the initial charge capacity. The use of oxygen redox is an important direction to solve this problem. In addition, optimizing the composition of materials and adopting raw materials with abundant reserves, low cost, high safety and environmental friendliness is also an important research direction for further reducing costs and protecting the environment.

Contents

1 Introduction
2 P2 structure materials composed by single transition metal
3 P2 structure materials composed by binary transition metals
4 P2 structure materials composed by ternary transition metals
5 Problems and optimization of P2 structure materials

5.1 Problems about P2 structure materials

5.2 Doping

5.3 Surface modification

6 Initial charge specific capacity enhanced by anion redox
7 Conclusion and perspective
Key words: sodium-ion batteries, cathode materials, energy storage materials
Fig. 1 Classification of Na-Me-O layered materials with sheets of edge-sharing MeO6 octahedra and phase transition processes induced by sodium extraction[46]
Fig. 2 Crystal structure illustration of layered oxides with O2 and P2 structures [69]
Fig. 3 (a) GITT curves for the charge and discharge states of the first cycle and (b) corresponding sodium-ion diffusion coefficient ($D_{Na^{+}}$) of Na/NNMO cell cycling between 4.5 and 2.0 V;(c) GITT curves for the charge and discharge states of the first cycle and (d) corresponding $D_{Na^{+}}$ of Na/NNMO cell cycling between 2.0 and 1.5 V electrode at current rate of 6C[89]
Fig. 4 The cycling capacity at 10, 20, and 30 C, as well as the coulombic efficiency corresponding to 10 C[101]
Fig. 5 In situ XRD patterns collected during the first charge/discharge and second charge of the NCM55 electrode between 1.5 and 4.3 V. Black asterisks represent the peaks of the battery case[101]
Fig. 6 (a) Cyclic voltammetry(CV) curve and(b) first charge/discharge curves of the Na0.68Cu0.34Mn0.66O2 electrode[104]
Fig. 7 The cycling performance of Na2/3Ni1/3Mn7/12Fe1/12O2 at 5 C for 300 cycles [110]
Fig. 8 In-situ XRD patterns of x-NNMF electrodes with (a) x=1/12,(b) x=0; (c) the corresponding GCD profiles of 0-NNMF electrode[110]
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