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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (5): 536-547 DOI: 10.7536/PC190831 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Preparation and Application of Matal-Based Mesoporous Solid Bases

Ning Liu1, Shuilin Liu1,**(), Suyun Wu1, Lin Fu2, Zhi Wu1, Laibing Li1,**()   

  1. 1.Department of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hunan Institute of Technology, Hengyang 421002, China
    2.National & Local United Engineering Research Center for Chemical Process Simulation and Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Shuilin Liu, Laibing Li
  • About author:
    ** e-mail: (Shuilin Liu);
    (Laibing Li)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51802093); Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2019JJ50107); Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2017JJ2063); Foundation of Hunan Educational Committee(18B465); Talent Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Institute of Technology(HQ 17014); Talent Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Institute of Technology(HQ 17011); Engineering Research Center in Hunan Province(Grants No.[2019]853)()
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For the demands of sustainable development and green chemistry, the use of heterogeneous catalysts instead of conventional homogeneous ones has received increasing attention. Among various heterogeneous catalysts, mesoporous solid bases are extremely desirable in green catalytic processes, due to their advantages of high specific surface, negligible corrosion, accelerated mass transport and easy separation. Great progress has been made in mesoporous solid bases in the last decade. In addition to their wide applications in the catalytic synthesis of organics and fine chemicals, mesoporous solid bases have also been used in the field of energy and environmental catalysis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent research progress in the preparation and application of metal-based mesoporous solid bases(including MgO,hydrotalcite-like compounds, modified-Al2O3,modified-ZrO2, and modified-CeO2), which is basically grouped by the metal type and illustrated with typical examples. The advantage, disadvantages and mechanisms for four main synthesis methods, including soft-template method, hard-template method, solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly(EISA) synthesis and solvent-free synthesis are discussed and compared in detail. Moreover, their applications in the fields of catalysis, energy storage and environment are briefly introduced as well. Finally, the existing problems of the preparing metal-based mesoporous oxides are briefly discussed, and the strategies are provided for the construction of novel metal-based mesoporous solid bases.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Preparation and application of matal-based mesoporous oxides

2.1 Mesoporous MgO

2.2 Mesoporous hydrotalcite-like

2.3 Mesoporous modified-Al2O3

2.4 Mesoporous modified-ZrO2

2.5 Mesoporous modified-CeO2

2.6 Others

3 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: metal-based solid bases, mesoporous, surfactant, template
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the synthesis of mesoporous MgO using PDMS-PEO copolymer as a template[11]
Fig. 2 The TEM and SEM images of mesoporous MgO with different structure:(a)honeycomb[11];(2)wormhole-like micropores(3)hierarchical microspheres;(4)nanowire[11,12,26,29]
Table 1 The properties of the reported mesoporous MgO using different synthetic methods
Precursors Template Synthetic
method		 Mesoporous
structure		 Surface area
(m2·g-1)		 Pore volume
(m3·g-1)		 Pore size
(nm)		 ref
Mg(NO3)2 PDMS-PEO soft template wormhole-like 79.6 0.218 13.2 11
MgO P123 soft template flower-like 297 0.42 7.6 12
Mg(NO3)2 SDS soft template leaf-like 321.3 0.3 1.88 13
Mg(NO3)2 P123 soft template leaf-like 305.7 0.42 2.78 13
Mg(NO3)2 PVP soft template leaf-like 302.3 0.36 2.40 13
Mg(NO3)2 CTAB soft template leaf-like 341.4 0.49 2.90 13
MgCl2 CTAB-SDS soft template rod-shaped 180 1.48 19 14
MC/Mg(Ac)2 PVP electrospinning fiber-like 113.2 - - 16
Mg(NO3)2 Carbon aerogel hard template spherical 154 0.66 12.6 17
MgSO4 carbon hard template flake-like 216.9 3~25 - 18
Mg(NO3)2 CMK-3 hard template hexagonal 280 0.52 7.0 19
Mg(NO3)2 CMK-3 hard template hexagonal 306 0.51 5.6 20
Mg(Ac)2 Cotton fibres hard template slit-like 165 0.21 6.0 21
Mg(Ac)2 ethanol free template worm-like 131 ± 2 0.24 ± 0.043 3.6 ± 2 22
MgCl2 water/ethanol free template nanoplate-like 373.2 0.71 2.0 23
Mg(NO3)2 water free template hexagonal 190 0.222 11.4 24
Mg(Ac)2 water free template rugby-like 230 0.49 5.65 25
MgCl2 water free template rugby-like 122 0.57 - 26
Mg(NO3)2 water free template bowl-like 230 0.27 6.0 27
Mg(NO3)2 water free template - 193 0.51 14.9 28
Mg(Ac)2 water free template spherical-like 194.17 - 7.7 29
Fig. 3 The SEM images of Zn-Al hydrotalcites at different calcination temperature[31]
Fig. 4 The synthesis of mesoporous γ-Al2O3 functionalized with metal oxides[55]
Fig. 5 The synthesis of Na-modified mesoporous ZrO2 in a hard template process[63]
Fig. 6 Schematic illustration of synthesis process(a), N2 adsorption-desorption curves(b), SEM(c), (d)TEM, and (e) images of multi-scale porous CeO2[79]
Fig. 7 Schematic illustration for the synthesis of mesoporous CeO2[80]
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