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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (5): 642-655 DOI: 10.7536/PC190828 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Two-Dimensional MoS2 Nanomaterials and Applications in Water Treatment

Yang Liu1, Xinbo Zhang1, Yingcan Zhao2,3,**()   

  1. 1.School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Joint Research Centre for Protective Infrastructure Technology and Environmental Green Bioprocess, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384,China
    2.Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
    3.Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Yingcan Zhao
  • About author:
    ** e-mail:
  • Supported by:
    Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2018A030313984); Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council of Shenzhen Government(JCYJ20170818093844118); Shenzhen Municipal Science and Technology Innovation Council of Shenzhen Government(JCYJ20190809151215588); Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology(TJKLAST-PT-2018-5)
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The rapid development of nanomaterials and nanotechnology provides the water treatment new opportunities. MoS2, as a graphene-like two dimensional(2D) nanomaterial, has attracted much attention due to its unique 2D sheet structure as well as physical and chemical properties. In this paper, we review the applications of 2D MoS2 and its composites on adsorption, membrane separation, catalysis, antibacterial, and detection applications in water treatment area, of which adsorption and membrane separation are highlighted and discussed to achieve the goal of high removal efficiency of ions, dyes, antibiotics, bacteria and many other environmental pollutants. In the end, the applications of MoS2 and its composites in water treatment are evaluated, and their potential development and faced challenges are discussepd, hopefully to be a novel nanomaterial and technical strategy to solve water environmental pollution and water resource shortage problems.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Preparation of two-dimensional MoS2 nanomaterials

3 MoS2-based adsorbents in water treatment

3.1 Removal of heavy metal ions

3.2 Removal of organic dyes

3.3 Removal of other pollutants

4 MoS2-based membranes in water treatment

4.1 Nanoporous MoS2 membranes

4.2 Layer-stacked MoS2 membranes

4.3 Membranes modified with MoS2 nanosheets

5 MoS2-based nanomaterials on catalytic degradation in water treatment

6 MoS2-based antibacterial nanomaterials in water treatment

7 MoS2-based nanomaterials on detection in water treatment

8 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: two-dimensional MoS2, water treatment, adsorption, separation membrane, antibacterial nanomaterials
Fig. 1 Structure of MoS2[4] (a) 3D illustration;(b) the 2H phase;(c) the 1T phase. Copyright 2017, ACS
Fig. 2 Simulation box and different pore architectures[76]. (a) Schematic of the simulation box consisting of a MoS2 sheet(molybdenum in blue and sulfur in yellow), water(transparent blue), ions(in red and green) and a graphene sheet(in gray).(b) Left: Moonly pore type. Right: S only pore type. Bottom: mixed pore type. Copyright 2015, Springer Nature
Fig. 3 Performance and mechanism of MoS2 membranes in rejection of ionic species and organic dyes[12]. (a) The steady water permeance of a 500 nm thick MoS2 membrane in filtering water and salt solutions(20 and 200 mM NaCl);(b) Effects of solute charge and ionic strength of solutions on the rejection of ionic species;(c) The concentrations of organic dye(rhodamine-WT) in permeate, feed, and retentate, as evidenced by the absorption spectra. The inset optical image shows the nearly colorless permeate and concentrated retentate, as compared to the feed solution;(d) Dependency of organic dye rejection on MoS2 membrane thickness;(e) The proposed mechanisms of MoS2 membranes include both size exclusion and electrostatic repulsion. Copyright 2017, ACS
Table 1 The separation performance of layer-stacked MoS2 membranes
Preparation method Feed solution Water flux(L/m2·h·bar) Rejection ref
Vacuum filtration evans blue 245(1.7 ± 0.06) μm-thickness 89% 6
cytochrome C 245(1.7 ± 0.06) μm-thickness 98%
Pressure-assisted filtration water 140(500 nm-thickness) - 12
NaCl
(the ionic strength <2 mM) - 55%
Na2SO4
(the ionic strength <2 mM) - 70%
methylene blue - 40%
rhodamine-WT - 90%
Filtered and CV-functionalized MoS2
membrane		 water 11.6×10-3(6 μm-thickness) - 84
Filtered and SY-functionalized MoS2
membrane		 NaCl - (97.73 ±
0.63)%
Vacuum filtration water 1430(2.3 μm-thickness) - 87
n-hexane and acetone above 5000(2.3 μm-thickness) -
acid yellow 14 - 90%
Pressure-assisted filtration (GO/MoS2 membrane) water 10.2 ± 1.68 - 88
NaCl(1 mM) - 43.2%
Na2SO4(1 mM) - 65.2%
MgSO4 (1 mM) - 26.5%
MgCl2(1 mM) - 24.3%
congo red, methylene blue,rhodamine and methyl orange above 95%
PDA-modified MoS2 membrane water 135.3(MoS2 loading of 0.1103 mg/cm2) - 89
NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4 , MgSO4 - below 20%
methylene blue - almost 100%
Fig. 4 Schematic that shows the FLV-MoS2 inactivating bacteria in water through visible-light photocatalytic ROS generation[15]
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