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Progress in Chemistry 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (11): 1509-1527 DOI: 10.7536/PC190734 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Fluorescent Polymer Materials for Detection of Explosives

Xiaofu Wu, Hui Tong**(), Lixiang Wang**()   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
  • Received: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Hui Tong, Lixiang Wang
  • About author:
    ** E-mail: (Hui Tong);
    (Lixiang Wang)
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51833009); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21574131); National Natural Science Foundation of China(91333205); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21674111); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21322403)
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As fluorescent sensing materials, fluorescent polymers not only have many sensing units, high brightness and good light stability, but also facilitate the fabrication of fluorescent sensing films, which are easy to implement devices. Therefore, fluorescent polymers have been widely studied and applied in fluorescence detection of explosives. In recent years, a large number of fluorescent polymers with various functional units have been developed, and their structures have evolved from common linear structures to branched and porous network structures, which have effectively improved the sensitivity, selectivity and response rate of explosive detection. This review is aimed to summarize the research progress on fluorescent polymers used for detection of explosives, including linear polymers, branched polymers and porous polymers. The emphasis of this review is especially focused on the structure design strategies, functional characteristics and sensing performances of typical linear conjugated and non-conjugated polymers, dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers and amorphous and crystalline porous polymers. Finally, the future opportunities and challenges of fluorescent polymers in application of explosive detection are presented.

Key words: fluorescent polymers, explosives, fluorescence detection, linear polymers, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers, porous organic polymers
Fig. 1 Conjugated polymers with pentiptycene and polycyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the backbones[14, 17~20]
Fig. 2 Conjugated polymers containing aggregation-induced emission(AIE) units in the backbones[21, 22, 28]
Fig. 3 Conjugated polymers with bulky side chains[29,30,31,32,33]
Fig. 4 Conjugated polymers with calix[4]arene as side chains[34,35]
Fig. 5 Conjugated polymers with ionic side chains[36,38,39]
Fig. 6 Nonconjugated polymers with fluorophores in side chains[40,45]
Fig. 7 Nonconjugated polymers with fluorophores in backbones and without fluorophores[46,47,48,49,50,51]
Fig. 8 Conjugated dendrimers based on fluorene dendrons and thiophene-benezene dendrons[53, 55~57]
Fig. 9 Conjugated dendrimers based on carbazole dendrons[59. 60]
Fig. 10 Nonconjugated dendrimers containing fluorophores[61. 62]
Fig. 11 Nonconjugated dendrimers without fluorophores[64. 65]
Fig. 12 AIE-type hyperbranched polymers based on silole units[68. 69]
Fig. 13 AIE-type hyperbranched polymers based on tetraphenylethylene units[70, 71, 74, 76]
Fig. 14 NonAIE-type fluorescent hyperbranched polymers[77,78,79,80]
Fig. 15 Fluorescent hyperbranched conjugated polymer nanoparticles[81,82,83,84]
Fig. 16 Fluorescent hyperbranched nonconjugated polymers[85,86,87,88]
Fig. 17 Conjugated porous polymers prepared by Yamamoto coupling reaction[97,98,99]
Fig. 18 Conjugated porous polymers prepared by Heck coupling reaction[100,101]
Fig. 19 Conjugated porous polymers prepared by Friedel-Crafts coupling reaction[102,103,104]
Fig. 20 Conjugated porous polymers prepared by oxidation coupling reaction[105, 106]
Fig. 21 Solution-processable conjugated porous polymer nanoparticles prepared by Suzuki coupling reaction in miniemulsion[108, 109]
Fig. 22 Conjugated porous polymer films prepared by olefin metathesis reaction on alylsilane-functionalized SiO2 substrates[112]
Fig. 23 Conjugated porous polymers prepared by Sonogashira coupling reaction[111, 113, 114]
Fig. 24 Conjugated porous polymers prepared by electrochemical polymerization[115. 116]
Fig. 25 Nonconjugated porous polymers[118,119,120]
Fig. 26 Three demensional crystalline porous polymers prepared by boronic acid condensation reaction[123, 124]
Fig. 27 Covalent organic frameworks(COFs) prepared by Schiff-base condensation reaction[125,126,127,128]
Fig. 28 COFs prepared by imidization reaction and Michael addition-elimination reaction[129, 130]
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