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Progress in Chemistry 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (11): 1550-1559 DOI: 10.7536/PC190731 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Structure and Performance Modulation of Photo-Responsive Ionic Liquids

Zhiyong Li, Ying Feng, Huiyong Wang, Xiaoqing Yuan, Yuling Zhao, Jianji Wang**()   

  1. Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
  • Received: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Jianji Wang
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21803017); National Natural Science Foundation of China(21673068); National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1704251); National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0403101); S&T Research Foundation of Education Department of Henan Province(19A150027)
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Light-responsive ionic liquids(ILs) are a class of functional materials that combine the characteristics of light stimuli responsive materials and ILs. Upon UV/vis light irradiation, the structure, property and performance of these “smart” ILs can be significantly changed, which are expected to have important applications in many practical processes. Light trigger is of great importance because of its superiority, such as stable optical signal, accurate stimulation spot, and ability to be rapidly switched in a clean and non-invasive manner. In this work, the photo-isomerization of ILs and light modulation of IL properties, aggregation behavior of ILs, phase transfer of ILs, and phase behavior of emulsions involving IL are critically reviewed based on the structure-property-performance relationship of photo-responsive ILs. Meanwhile, the main problems in this field have been analyzed, and the future development is discussed.

Key words: ionic liquids, photo-responsive, photo-isomerization, performance modulation
Fig. 1 Chemical structure and isomerization of the commonly used photo-responsive groups
Fig. 2 Effect of irradiation time on UV-vis spectrum of aqueous [C4AzoC2DMEA]Br at 25.0 ℃[31]: a, initial state; b, 2 min; c, 4 min; d, 6 min; e, 8 min; f, 10 min; g, 15 min; h, 20 min; i, 40 min; j, 60 min. Copyright 2018, PCCP Owner Societies, The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig. 3 Chemical structure of the azobenzene-based ionic liquids[31, 36]. Copyright 2018, PCCP Owner Societies, The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Fig. 4 Chemical structure of cinnamate-based ionic liquids[41]
Fig. 5 Chemical structure of hydrophobic azobenzene-based ionic liquids[39]
Table 1 CAC values of light responsive ionic liquids before and after UV irradiation[34,35,36]
Ionic liquid CAC / mol·kg-1
before UV after UV
[C14mimAzo]Br 3.2×10-5 1.0×10-4
[C4AzoC6TMA][TfO] 3.7×10-4 5.2×10-4
[ChoC10Azo]Br 1.1×10-4 1.3×10-4
Table 2 ΔGm0 and CAC values of the ionic liquids in aqueous solutions at 25.0 ℃ before and after UV irradiation[31]
IL CAC / mol·kg-1 ΔGm0/kJ·mol-1
before UV after UV before UV after UV
[C4AzoC2MIM]Br 1.9×10-3 — -44.6 —
[C4AzoC2TMA]Br 2.6×10-3 — -44.4 —
[C4AzoC2DMEA]Br 2.3×10-3 — -44.3 —
[C4AzoC4DMEA]Br 1.2×10-3 7.6×10-3 -47.9 -43.3
[C4AzoC6DMEA]Br 8.0×10-4 3.7×10-3 -48.9 -44.5
Fig. 6 Reversible phase transfer of α-CD-capped AuNPs by azo-ligands between water and toluene phases[57]. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.
Fig. 7 The reversible transfer of Azo-SEP between toluene and water phase induced by light irradiation[56]. Copyright 2013, American Chemical Society.
Fig. 8 The reversible phase transfer of azobenzene-based ionic liquids between n-octanol and water[38]
Fig. 9 Demulsification under light irradiation[59]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society.
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