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Progress in Chemistry 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (7): 1007-1019 DOI: 10.7536/PC181112 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Virus-Templated Synthesis of Metal Nanomaterials and Their Application

Yue Yang, Jueyu Wang, Min Zhao**(), Daizong Cui**()   

  1. Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
  • Received: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Min Zhao, Daizong Cui
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:(Min Zhao);
    (Daizong Cui)
    † These authors contributed equally to this work.
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(51678120); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2572019AA19)
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In recent years, metal nanomaterials have been widely used due to their excellent properties, such as interfacial effect, quantum size effect and macroscopic quantum tunneling effect. Biotemplates are often used to synthesize nanomaterials, including DNA, proteins, bacteria, fungi, viruses and so on. The metal nanomaterials, which are synthesized by virus template, compared with other biotemplates, usually have better stability, dispersity and biocompatibility. Moreover, nanomaterials have excellent performances in catalysis, optics, electricity, magnetism, chemistry and superconduction. With nearly 20 years’ development, the technology of nanomaterial synthesis by using virus as template has been gradually matured. Nowadays, research interest is focused on targeted imaging and disease treatment. The object of this review is to discuss the process and the mechanism of nanomaterial biosynthesis by using virus as templates, such as the synthetic sites(inside and outside the virus cavity), synthesis principles, different synthesis methods, influencing factors and nanomaterials characterization. In addition, the applications of these nanomaterials in different fileds, such as nanocatalysis, nano-batteries, biomedical and medical imaging are discussed. Finally, the problems to be solved in the current research and the development trend of the future research on the synthesis of metal nanomaterials by using virus as template are described.

Key words: virus-templated, metal nanomaterials, biosynthesis, biomedicine, magnetic resonance imaging
Table 1 Common virus templates for synthesis of metal nanomaterials
Virus Shape Size(nm) ref
Outer Inner
CPMV Sphere 28 20 34
CCMV Sphere 28 18 35
BMV Sphere 28 18 36
RCNMV Sphere 36 17 37
TMV Rod 300×18 4 38
ToMV Rod 300×18 4 39
α-virus Sphere 39 33 40
SV40 Sphere 45 30 41
Fd Rod 880×6.6 - 42
M13 Rod 880×6.6 - 43
P22 Sphere 64 54 44
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of the nano-magnetic cobalt particles synthesized in CPMV[47]. Copyright 2014, American Chemical Society.
Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of synthesis of gold nanoparticles coated in CCMV[52]. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society.
Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of synthesis of Pd nanostructures by virus template E3-M13[55]. Copyright 2017, Wiley.
Fig. 4 Schematic illustration of assembly process of Au nanoparticle ring[63]. Copyright 2012, American Chemical Society.
Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of the synthesis of TMV-templated Pd nanocatalyst and catalytic dichromate reduction reaction[81]. Copyright 2014, Elsevier.
Fig. 6 Schematic illustration of manganese oxide nanowire electrode structure[85]. Copyright 2013, Springer Nature.
Fig. 7 Schematic illustration of ATRP polymerization for P22 internal modification[44]. Copyright 2012, Springer Nature.
Fig. 8 MR images of plant leaves and TEM images of iron oxide structure in BMV[99]. Copyright 2011, American Chemical Society.
Fig. 9 Schematic illustration of fluorescence imaging of QDs coated with SV40 in vivo and in vitro[103,104]. Copyright 2009,Wiley & Copyright 2015,American Chemical Society.
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