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Progress in Chemistry 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (9): 1445-1454 DOI: 10.7536/PC180424 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Special Issue: 锂离子电池

• Review •

Recovery of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries Based on High Temperature Chemical Conversion

Jiao Lin1,2, Chunwei Liu2, Hongbin Cao2, Li Li1*, Renjie Chen1, Zhi Sun2*   

  1. 1. School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
    2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Process Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Division of Environment Technology and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the Key Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No. KFZD-SW-315)and the Beijing Science and Technology Program (No. Z171100002217028).
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Given the environmental risk and valuable metal containing nature of spent lithium-ion batteries, it is of great significance to harmlessly dispose of spent lithium-ion batteries and recycle the valuable resources therein. At present, the spent lithium-ion batteries recycling technology is realized mainly through enhanced chemical conversion under high temperature or normal temperature conditions. High temperature boosts the chemical conversion rate of valuable elements in the spent lithium-ion battery, results in a short flow and releases material dependence. Therefore, high temperature chemical conversion is easy to implement in industry, and the related technologies have become one of the hotspots for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries. Based on the chemical conversion differences of various phases, this study systematically analyzes and evaluates the physicochemical mechanisms, technical characteristics, and research status of high temperature chemical reduction, roasting with molten salt, and direct regeneration. The advantages and problems of various technologies are compared. Based on this, it is advised that the future research needs in-depth study of its chemical conversion mechanism and takes into account the short flow clean regeneration of materials. It is necessary to develop a low energy-consuming and environmentally-friendly approach to enable the green treatment and recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries based on the principle of green chemistry.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Pyrometallurgy recovery technology
2.1 High temperature reduction
2.2 Sulfation roasting
2.3 Direct regeneration
2.4 Discussion
3 Challenges and Prospects
4 Conclusion
Key words: lithium-ion battery, high temperature chemical conversion, physico-chemical mechanism, recycling, resource regeneration

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