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Progress in Chemistry 2018, Vol. 30 Issue (4): 325-337 DOI: 10.7536/PC171232 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Bioinspired Photo/Electrocatalytic N2 Fixation

Yao Xiao1, Wenjuan Hu1, Yanbiao Ren1, Xu Kang2, Jian Liu1*   

  1. 1. College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 26604;
    2. School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by Youth Program of the National Thousand Talents Plan of China and the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China (No.ZR2018MB018).
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N2 fixation, a process that transforms N2 into biologically usable forms, is mainly accomplished by biological and industrial processes, respectively. Biological N2 fixation is carried out by nitrogenase at ambient conditions. Coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP and accompanied by the formation of H2, N2 is reduced to NH3. Industrial N2 fixation is accomplished by Haber-Bosch process, in which N2 is reduced to NH3 efficiently in the presence of iron catalyst and promoter. The process invented more than a century ago is carried out at high temperature and high pressure(400~500 ℃, above 100 atm), which consumes lots of energy, in addition to the large amount of energy consumed in methanol steam reforming to produce hydrogen. Nowadays, people are looking for the next-generation industrial catalyst by taking inspiration from N2 fixation mechanism of nitrogenase. Light-driven(photocatalytic) N2 fixation is very promising especially considering that energy for N2 fixation is ultimately from photosynthesis. In this paper, the recent progress in the field of bioinspired photocatalytic N2 fixation in addition to some research on electrocatalytic N2 fixation are summarized. Last, our perspectives of this field are provided. Although currently there is still no good substitution for catalyst system used in conventional Haber-Bosch process, a review of research progress and experience will provide beneficial implications for future design of efficient catalysts.
Contents
1 Introduction
2 Biological N2 fixation and nitrogenase
2.1 Biological N2 fixation
2.2 N2 fixing mechanism and inspiration of nitrogenase
2.3 Transition metal complex for catalytic N2 fixation
3 Photocatalytic N2 fixation
3.1 Mechanism of photocatalytic N2 fixation
3.2 Synthetic N2 fixing photocatalysts
3.3 Biological hybrids and nitrogenase simulated photocatalysts
3.4 Overview of electrocatalytic N2 fixation
4 Conclusion and outlook
Key words: bioinspired, nitrogenase, N2 fixation, photo/electrocatalytic, ammonia synthesis, interface

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