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Progress in Chemistry 2016, Vol. 28 Issue (10): 1474-1488 DOI: 10.7536/PC160614 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Noble-Metal-Free Co-Catalysts for TiO2-Based Photocatalytic H2-Evolution Half Reaction in Water Splitting

Zhang Lingfeng1,2, Hu Zhongpan1, Liu Xinying2, Yuan Zhongyong1*   

  1. 1. National Institute for Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China;
    2. Materials and Process Synthesis, University of South Africa, Florida Campus, Private Bag X6, Johannesburg 1710, South Africa
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21573115) and the National Research Foundation of South Africa.
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Photocatalytic water splitting technology based on TiO2 semiconductor is a promising strategy for clean, low-cost, and environmental friendly H2 production by utilizing solar energy. The whole process includes three crucial steps:solar light harvesting to excite electron from VB to CB of TiO2, charge separation and transportation, and the catalytic reduction of H+ to H2 evolution reaction. Many progresses are achieved on the first two steps, while much less researches are concentrated on the third step to improve catalytic activity with the utilization of the cocatalysts. Noble metal Pt as cocatalyst can obviously promote the H2-producing rate in TiO2 photocatalytic system. However, it has been restricted seriously due to its limited sources and high cost. Thus, developing cheap, earth-abundant, and high active noble-metal-free cocatalysts is very significant for high efficient photocatalytic water splitting. This review summarizes the research progress on noble-metal-free cocatalysts for TiO2-based H2-evolution half reaction, including transition metals, transition metal compounds, nanocarbon materials and nanocarbon-based composites. The role of different cocatalysts in catalytic performance improving, such as, content, structure, particle size, surface area, dispersity, synthesis method of the cocatalysts, and so on, was discussed in detail. And the challenges and perspectives of the research directions are also remarked.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Fundamentals of photocatalytic water splitting and the role of cocatalyst
2.1 Fundamental of TiO2-based photocatalyst
2.2 Process of H2 production from water splitting
2.3 The roles of cocatalysts for H2-evolution
2.4 Factors influencing the performance of cocatalysts
3 Noble-metal-free cocatalyst for H2-evolution half reactions
3.1 Transition metal cocatalysts
3.2 Transition metal compounds
3.3 Nanocarbon-based cocatalysts
3.4 Catalytic mechanism
4 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: TiO2, cocatalyst, water splitting, H2-evolution half reaction, solar energy

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