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Progress in Chemistry 2016, Vol. 28 Issue (9): 1435-1454 DOI: 10.7536/PC160203 Previous Articles   

• Review and comments •

Research and Prospect of Lithium-Sulfur Battery System

Deng Nanping1, Ma Xiaomin1, Ruan Yanli3, Wang Xiaoqing3, Kang Weimin1,2*, Cheng Bowen1,2*   

  1. 1. School of Textiles, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China;
    2. State Key Laboratory of Separation Membranes and Membrane Processes, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China;
    3. School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin 300387, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Supported by:
    The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51673148,51102178), the National Key Technology Support Program (No. 2015BAE01B03), the Innovation Fund for Technology of China (No. 14C26211200298), the Innovation Fund for Technology of Tianjin (No. 14ZXCXGX00776), the Chang-jiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of Ministry of Education of China (No. IRT13084).
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The lithium-sulfur batteries are rather latest and high-performance storage batteries due to their rather high theoretical specific capacity(1675 mAh ·g-1) and energy density(2600 Wh ·kg-1). This study provides the entire and latest fundamental studies in lithium-sulfur batteries. The cathodes, binders, separators, electrolytes, anodes, some novel cell configurations and structure design of battery are introduced in details. For improving the conductivity of cathode material and suppressing the "shuttle effect", elemental sulfur can be combined with other materials as the cathodes of batteries through various ways. These can enhance the batteries performances. In terms of binders and electrolyte, some appropriate and functional binders and electrolyte are chosen which are compatible with electrode material. At the same time, in terms of separators, researchers mainly pay attention to the type choice or the separators composition and modified treatment. With regard to anodes, several methods have been considered for improving the batteries stability and safety based on metallic lithium such as coating thin dense protective layers or pre-lithiation treatment. Some novel cell configurations such as the application of interlayer, new collectors and new type structures of lithium-sulfur batteries are also vital aspects to greatly improve cell performances. At last, the future research directions associated with lithium-sulfur batteries have also been indicated.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 The principle and characterization of lithium-sulfur batteries
3 Cathode materials of lithium-sulfur batteries
3.1 Sulfur/carbon composites
3.2 Sulfur/conductive polymer composites
3.3 Sulfur/metal and its oxide composites
3.4 Sulfur/multiple sulfur-based compound
4 Binder of lithium-sulfur batteries
5 Electrolytes of lithium-sulfur batteries
5.1 Liquid electrolytes
5.2 Solid state electrolytes
5.3 Gel polymer electrolytes
5.4 Ionic liquid electrolytes
6 Separators of lithium-sulfur batteries
7 Anodes of lithium-sulfur batteries
8 Electrode structure design and modification of lithium-sulfur batteries
8.1 Interlayers and new type of collectors
8.2 New type structures of lithium-sulfur batteries
9 Summary and future directions

Key words: lithium sulfur batteries, cathodes, anode, other battery components, novel cell configurations and structure design

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