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Progress in Chemistry 2015, Vol. 27 Issue (1): 11-26 DOI: 10.7536/PC140942 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Glucose-Responsive Synthetic Closed-Loop Insulin Delivery Systems

Zhang Yuqi1,2,3,4, Yu Jicheng1,2, Shen Qundong4, Gu Zhen*1,2   

  1. 1. Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, NC 27695, USA;
    2. Molecular Pharmaceutics Division, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
    3. Kuangyaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China;
    4. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Supported by:

    The work was supported by the Junior Faculty Award of American Diabetes Association (No. 1-14-JF-29).

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Diabetes mellitus has become a major social health problem affecting all of the world. The key to efficiently treating type Ⅰ and advanced type Ⅱ diabetes is to inject insulin with a precise dose according to the blood glucose levels (BGLs). Thus, smart insulin delivery systems responding to glucose concentration of the surroundings have attracted extensive interest these years. This review mainly focuses on chemically controlled closed-loop insulin delivery able to mimic pancreas activity. One of the greatest advantages of these systems is to regulate insulin dosage and delivery by BGLs on an automated and continuous basis. So called this feedback-controlled insulin delivery system ‘artificial pancreas’. Strategies to achieve this ‘artificial pancreas’ are through glucose-responsive insulin delivery systems, typically based on the glucose-sensing elements of glucose oxidase (GOx), glucose binding protein (GBP), or phenylboronic acid (PBA). Main mechanisms and most recent studies are discussed in this review.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Glucose oxidase based system
2.1 Swelling/shrinking mechanisms
2.2 Disassembling/degradation mechanisms
3 Glucose binding proteins based system
4 Phenylboronic acid moieties based system
4.1 Swelling/shrinking mechanisms
4.2 Glucose replacement mechanisms
4.3 Disassembling/degradation mechanisms
4.4 Other mechanisms
5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: diabetes, insulin, glucose-responsive, closed-loop systems, bio-inspired design

CLC Number: 

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