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Progress in Chemistry 2013, Vol. 25 Issue (06): 940-960 DOI: 10.7536/PC121120 Previous Articles   Next Articles

• Review •

Task-Specific Ionic Liquids Catalyzed Carbon-Heteroatom Bond Formation Reactions

Li Man1,2, Yang Lei1, Han Feng1, Chen Jing1*, Xia Chungu1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Ionic liquids have emerged as excellent solvents for synthesis and catalysis in the past decades due to their special properties. However, their relatively high cost and potential risks to human health and environment make their function as catalysts rather than solvents more popular. Incorporating specific functional group(s) into one or both ions of ionic liquids to make them catalytic is highly important. Numerous so-called task-specific or functionalized ionic liquids are designed and successfully applied in catalyzing various reactions. In this review, we present the latest achievements in the carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions catalyzed by task-specific ionic liquids. The contents are arranged according to the specific types of carbon-heteroatom bond formation reactions. As for the type of task-specific ionic liquids, this review focuses on acidic ionic liquids, basic ionic liquids, organometallic ionic liquids, acid-base bifunctional ionic liquids and chiral ionic liquids. Contents
1 Introduction
2 Formation of carbon-oxygen bonds
2.1 Formation of esters
2.2 Formation of ethers
2.3 Protection of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups
2.4 Oxidation of olefins
2.5 Related carbonylation reactions
2.6 Synthesis of oxygen-containing heterocycles
3 Formation of carbon-nitrogen bonds
3.1 Formation of β-amino carbonyl compounds
3.2 Formation of amides
3.3 Formation of carbon-nitrogen double bonds
3.4 N-Alkylation reaction
3.5 Hydroamination reaction
3.6 Protection of amino groups
3.7 Nitration reaction
3.8 Asymmetric aza Diels-Alder reaction
3.9 Related carbonylation reactions
3.10 Synthesis of nitrogen-containing heterocycles
4 Formation of other carbon-heteroatom bonds
4.1 Formation of carbon-sulfur bonds
4.2 Formation of carbon-halogen bonds
5 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: ionic liquids, task-specific ionic liquids, catalysis, carbon-heteroatom bonds

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