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Progress in Chemistry DOI: 10.7536/PC120955 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Metals Homeostasis and Related Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease

Lü Xiaoping, Tan Xiangshi*   

  1. Department of Chemistry & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a kind of neurodegenerative diseases often found in old people. The characteristic pathological features of Alzheimer’s disease are senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, the loss of neurons,and granulovacuolar degeneration. Though the mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease is very complicated and not understood clearly, the metal homeostasis,which amyloid beta, amyloid precursor protein and metallothionein-3 participated in, is associated with the development of Alzheimer’s disease. The transitional metals, such as copper and zinc, play a key role in the physiologic function. Abnormally high levels of metals were found in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients compared with the healthy people. The aberrant of metal homeostasis may be one of the reasons that induce Alzheimer’s disease. The imbalance of metal homeostasis in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease leads to the aggregation of amyloid beta and the generation of reactive oxygen species. The copper can generate reactive oxygen species via Fenton type reaction, resulting in toxicity to the cells. Metallothionein-3, as a metal homeostasis regulator, can protect against the neuronal toxicity of Aβ by preventing copper-mediated Aβ aggregation, abolishing the production of reactive oxygen species(ROS). This review focuses on the AD research progress regarding the metal homeostasis regulation with some related proteins.

Contents
1 Introduction
2 Metals homeostasis in the brain and Alzheimer’s disease
2.1 Copper homeostasis and Alzheimer’s disease
2.2 Zinc homeostasis and Alzheimer’s disease
2.3 Iron homeostasis and Alzheimer’s disease
3 Amyloid beta and Alzheimer’s disease
4 Amyloid precursor protein and Alzheimer’s disease
5 Metallothionein-3 and Alzheimer’s disease
6 Outlook

Key words: Alzheimer’s disease, amyloid beta, amyloid precursor protein, metallothionein-3

CLC Number: 

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