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Progress in Chemistry 2006, No.012 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Invited Article
Strategic Role of Miniaturization in Development of Chemical Sciences
Zhaolun Fang Zhangrun Xu Jin Fang
2006, 18 (12): 1577-1583 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
The strategic role and potentials of miniaturization in the future development of chemical sciences are discussed, stressing the importance of microfluidic approaches in developing chip-based devices for analytical applications in the bio and pharmaceutical fields and parallel processing of chemical reactions. Drastic improvements in efficiencies, cost-savings, safety, and mobility are envisioned.
Review
Fabrication and Doping of Biomimetic Lyotropic Liquid Crystal
Zhenwen Sun Xiao Chen Luyan Wang Huayu Qiu
2006, 18 (12): 1584-1591 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Research progresses are reviewed concerning the fabrication and doping of biomimetic lyotropic liquid crystals which are mainly formed by lipids. The interactions between doped substances and liquid crystal templates are analysed. The trends of biomimetic liquid crystals for preparing new functional materials, and their potential applications in biology and medicine are also prospected.
Development of the Membrane Potential Across Charged Membranes
Yaping Zhang Tongwen Xu
2006, 18 (12): 1592-1598 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
The membrane potential is one of the most important parameters for characterizing transport phenomena across a charged membrane. The fundamental theories of membrane potential including T. M. S. theory and irreversible thermodynamic theory are briefly introduced. Further, the developments of membrane potential across such membranes as ion exchange membrane, bipolar membrane, amphoteric membrane and composite membrane are reviewed respectively. Finally, the prospects of the membrane potential in charged membranes are presented.
Theoretical Study on Structures and Properties of Aromatic Clusters
Zhiwei Li Cunyuan Zhao Liuping Chen
2006, 18 (12): 1599-1607 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Theoretical studies of aromatic clusters in recent years are summarized with concentration on those mainly consisting of aluminium, pnictogen, boron atom and sandwich-like complexes, cage molecule clusters etc. The most progress in the field and potential applications are introduced.
Synthesis and Self-Assembly of CdSe Nanaometer Scale Building Blocks
Hongxing Dong Zhen Yang Wenyu Yang Wenyan Yin Yuzhe Song Heqing Yang
2006, 18 (12): 1608-1614 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
As an important semiconductor nanomaterial,nanostructured CdSe has wide applications in many fields,such as light emitting diode,biological labeling,and solar cells etc. Recent research progress in preparation and self-assembly of CdSe nanometer scale building blocks is reviewed. The six typical methods of preparation and self-assembly are summarized. The principles of these methods and CdSe nanostructures prepared via these methods are described in detail.Finally, the future development tendency in this field is also elucidated.
Coordination Chemistry for 99mTc Radiopharmaceuticals
Cuilan Feng Mouhua Wang Kangmin Cheng Yumei Shen
2006, 18 (12): 1615-1625 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Bifunctional chelation agents play very important role in the linking of 99mTc and labeling molecules, which decide the physics and chemical property of 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals to a great extent. Many kinds of bifunctional chelating agents are composed of hetero atoms, such as N, S and P. This review summarized the recent development of coordination chemistry for 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals with different coordinated styles, such as NxS(4-x) ligands,“3＋1”mixed ligands, phosphane ligands and [99mTc(CO)3]+ core.
Synthesis and Mesophase Characterization of Block Molecules with Different Topologies
Xiaohong Cheng Xiuping Ju Hui Ye
2006, 18 (12): 1626-1633 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Synthesis and liquid crystalline behavior of three recently reported mesogenic block-molecules, namely polyhydroxy 1-benzoylaminopropane-2,3-diols I、star-shaped pentaerythritol tetrabenzoates II and calamitic bolaamphiphiles with lateral chains III which are constituted of anisometric block, amphiphilic block and alkyl or perfluorinated chains with different topologies are reviewed in this article. The palladium(0) catalyzed addition of perfluoroalkyliodides to the alkenes and palladium (0)catalyzed cross-coupling reaction are the key steps of the synthesis. By tailoring the scale between hydrophilic region and lipophilic region, smectic, columnar and cubic mesophases were observed in compounds I-F and II-F. By changing the length of the lateral chains, a series of new columnar phases and a non-conventional semctic phase were obtained in III-F. All the experimental results indicate, based on the competitive polyphilicity concept, micro-segregation of incompatible parts into different regions separated in space by interface, the occurred different interface curvature can lead to different mesophases with comlex supramolecular structures. The fluorophobic effect caused by the fluorinated chains can be used in combination with other incompatibilities to increase the micro-segregation and can stabilize the mesophase and also modifies the phase structure and leads to novel mesophases. By this way, the molecular self-assembly is controlled in molecular level.
Synthesis of Bismuth(Ⅲ) Complexes and Coordination Chemistry of Bismuth(Ⅲ)
Qiying Jiang Juan Shen
2006, 18 (12): 1634-1645 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Because of safety, the use of bismuth complexes has been exploring increasingly. It is important to study molecular structures of bismuth complexes based on molecular level, which can provide basic data for exploitation and applicability. In this paper,according to organic ligands including polyaminocarboxylates, hydroxycarbolates, alcohols and so on, coordinative environments, patterns of synthesis and structures of complexes as well as other properties about bismuth complexes in solid state are summarized.
Antitumor Activity and the Mechanism of Rhodium Complexes
Ping Qu Hua He Xuhui Liu
2006, 18 (12): 1646-1651 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
The antitumor activity of metal complexes have attracted people's attention since Rosenberg et al. discovered antitumor activity of cisplatin. The progress in antitumor activity of rhodium complexes is reviewed,and the mechanism and structure-activity relationship is discussed. A possible method to exploit novel high efficiency and low toxicity broadspectrum antitumor drugs is provided.
Advance on Applications of Microwave Technique in Suzuki Reaction
Xiaowei Zhao Yuanchen Cui
2006, 18 (12): 1652-1659 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Compared with conventional heating, microwave heating is one of the most useful tools in organic synthesis because of its obviously advantages of fast heating,thermal efficiency, saving energy, clean, and easy operation. Palladium catalyzed Suzuki reaction could tolerate a broad range of functional groups with high stereoselectivity to provid a mild method in preparation of kinds of substituted biaryls. In this paper, recent research results about the microwave technique applied in Suzuki reaction are reviewed, involving various reaction systems. Palladium catalysts supported by KF/Al2O3 and polymer are diacussed mainly.Transition-metal-free and ultra-low metal catalyst loading reaction system are slao discussed. Furthermore, continous flow microwave reactor and applications of Suzuki reaction in organic synthesis are reviewed.
Synthesis and Application of Ionic Liquids in Enzymatic Catalysis
Yongmei Xia Hongping Wu Yue Zhang Yun Fang Shiyu Sun Yugang Shi
2006, 18 (12): 1660-1667 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Ionic liquids,especially water-insoluble inoic liquids can be served as solvents or enzyme carrier in non-aqueous and biphasic enzymatic reactions. The synthesis of ionic liquids is briefly reviewed. Enzyme properties including the activity, stability and selectivity in ionic liquids are discussed. The biocatalytic behavior of different enzymes in ionic liquids is summarized. The physical properties of ionic liquids and the enzymes tolerance to ionic liquids can affect the enzymes themselves and the enzymatic reactions. Ionic liquids do not fit into most of the standard heuristics that chemists traditionally use to assess and predict solvent behavior, for example, the role of solvent lgP in non-aqueous enzymatic reactions.
The Anion Recognition Based on Calixarene Derivatives
Jun Han Chaoguo Yan
2006, 18 (12): 1668-1676 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
The progress in anion recognition based on calixarene derivatives is reviewed, which covers the chemical modification and molecular structures of the calixarene receptors, anion recognition of calixarenes towards halogen anions, organic acids,and oxygen-containing acids through hydrogen bonding, electrostatic as well as other interactions.
Multifunctional Polypyrrole Composite Films
Yunbin Xie Meirong Huang Xingui Li
2006, 18 (12): 1677-1683 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Polypyrrole has been considered one of the most prospective conducting polymers for industrial applications following polyaniline for its high conductivity and good environmental stability. Composite films from polypyrrole and some conventional polymer matrixes such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(vinyl chloride), could not only integrate the exicting multifunctionality of polypyrrole as well as the good film-formability and much lower cost of the matrix polymers, but also produce a novel coadjutant effect of both polymers. Therefore these kinds of composite films have widened application fields, and have become a new research hotspot in the fields of conducting polymers. Two typical preparation methods of these conductive polypyrrole composite films have been systematically reviewed. According to careful analysis of their individual characteristics,the possible improvement and development are proposed. Having a variety of excellent functions such as widely-variable electroconductivity, fast electrical response and stable electrochromism, the polypyrrole composite films have shown a great attractionof potential applications in many fields including transparent conducting films, chemical sensors, bioseparation, and electrochromic films.
Progress in Hyaluronic Acid and Its Derivatives as Drug Carriers
Wei Zhang Cuie Yan
2006, 18 (12): 1684-1690 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a very good drug carrier due to its excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. However,it is not stable and easily degraded by heat,strong acid,base or free radicals, which limits its application. The basic properties and applications of HA are briefly introduced. The recent progress in application of HA and its derivatives in drug delivery after chemical modification through esterification,cross-linking and grafting is reviewed. HA and its derivatives possess series of excellent properties,such as suitable mechanical strength,special rheological properties,good stability,targeting delivery and high efficiency after chemical modification,which enable HA and its derivatives to attract more attentions and broad applications as drug carriers.
Progress In Two-Dimensional Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy
Jing Yu Peiyi Wu
2006, 18 (12): 1691-1702 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
The technique and progress in two-dimensional fluorescence correlation spectroscopy is systematically introduced in the aspects of the history, mathematic equations, general regulation and characteristic properties. The introduction is sorted in the range of different perturbations, such as concentration, excitation wavelength, fluorescence quenching and the pH. There are several examples in each case helping to illustrate the operability and application of the new technique. Additionally, the new technique is also compared with the traditional one-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy, which indicates the advantage of the two-dimensional fluorescence correlation spectroscopy clearly.
Recent Progress in LiBOB-based Electrolyte for Lithium Batteries
Weihua Pu Xiangming He Li Wang Chunrong Wan Changyin Jiang
2006, 18 (12): 1703-1709 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
A new salt LiBOB (lithium bis(oxalato)borate) as the electrolyte solute for lithium ion battery and its onfiguration, preparation, physical and chemical properties, especially electrochemistry properties are introduced in this paper. The preliminary results and recent finding on LiBOB-based electrolyte are summarized. Emphasis is placed on the electrochemistry of the BOB-anion on both graphite anode and metal-oxide-based cathode surfaces. Certain issues associated with the impurity and safety of the salt in lithium ion systems are also discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of LiBOB are generalized. Finally, the emphases and strategies for R & D of improved performance in future are indicated.
Recent Advance of Tin-Based Alloy Anodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
Haipeng Zhao Xiangming He Changyin Jiang Chunrong Wan
2006, 18 (12): 1710-1719 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
The recent advance of tin-based alloy as candidate anodes for secondary lithium batteries is reviewed in this paper. The structure, electrochemical performances, preparation and reaction mechanisms of tin-based alloys and their composites are summarized. The advantages and shortages of these materials are analyzed and the solutions to improve their performance are suggested, such as adopting nano-scale particle structures with scatter configuration, utilizing amorphous alloys or controlling the change of structure conformation. The multiphase tin-based lithium alloy composites anodes for Li-ion batteries are proposed to be the most promising alternative anode materials.
Progress on LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 as Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Battery
Ximin Wang Xianyou Wang Xufang Luo Li Liao
2006, 18 (12): 1720-1724 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
Layered mixed cobalt/nickel/manganese oxides as positive electrode materials for Li-ion batteries are of great interest due to their desirable properties. The development of layered lithium mixed cobalt/nickel/manganese oxides cathodes for rechargeable lithium batteries is reviewed. The inter-relationship between the structure and the electrochemical properties of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 is introduced in detail. The influences of synthesis method and doping elements on the performances of the materials are also discussed. Finally, the perspectives of the layered LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 are analyzed.
Transport Phenomena and Numerical Simulation Related to
Liang Qi Xiaofeng Xie Jingming Xu Qifeng Zhou
2006, 18 (12): 1725-1734 |
Published: 24 December 2006
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Abstract
The R&D of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) is becoming a hot topic in the scope of fuel cell. Simulating the interior transport phenomena by means of mathematical model is theoretically meaningful and instructive to the structure design and to optimize the operation conditions. Based on the application of two-phased flow model and computer fluid dynamics technology, the transport processing mostly occurred in the fuel cell, especially physical model and mathematical model related to water, is reviewed in this paper. The transport micro-mechanism is taken into account comprehensively in these models. These models describe the complex transport phenomena and provide numerical simulation method and validation method. These methods not only deepen the understanding of the transport phenomena occurred in the fuel cell, but also increase the power density ratio to its volume and weight, shorten the R&D cycle and lower the R&D cost significantly.