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Progress in Chemistry 2007, No.04 Previous issue Next issue

In this issue:

Review
Preparation and Catalytic Applications of Transition Metal Assembled into the Channels of Mesoporous Molecular Sieves
Wu Pingyi,Ji Shengfu**,Hu Linhua,Li Chengyue
2007, 19 (04): 437-443 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
The preparation methods of assembling transition metal into the channels of MCM and SBA family mesoporous molecular sieves (MMSs) are summarized, including direct synthesis, grafting and impregnation method. The recent progresses on the catalytic applications to the oxidation reactions, hydrogenation reactions, alkylation reactions, F-T synthesis and catalytic hydrodesulfurization is reviewed for better understanding the catalytic performance of MMSs containing transition metals catalysts.
New Mesoporous Titanosilicate Catalytic Materials
Li Jie1|Zhou Chunhui1**|Du Zexue2,Min Enze2,Ge Zhonghua1|Li Xiaonian1
2007, 19 (04): 444-455 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
The preparation strategies of Ti-containing silica mesoporous materials, such as direct synthesis and post-synthesis, are reviewed. The features of synthetic techniques and related structure of Ti-containing silica mesoporous materials are remarked. The important techniques often used to characterize the structure and titanium active sites of Ti-containing mesoporous materials are introduced. The catalytic performances of Ti-containing mesoporous materials used as catalysts for liquid phase selectively catalytical oxidations of organic chemicals are summarized. The methods of modification of Ti-containing mesoporous materials aiming at improving the titanium activity, the structure stability, the hydrophobicity and the value of Ti/Si are discussed. The existing problems and suggestions for further research are presented.
Asymmetric Autocatalysis
Chen Weifeng,Shi Zhuangzhi|Yuan Yu,Yan Chaoguo*
2007, 19 (04): 456-463 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Asymmetric autocatalysis occurs when a chiral product operates as an asymmetric catalyst for its own production. Asymmetric autocatalysis intrinsically has the following advantages: chiral amplification of production, high reaction efficiency, easy purification of the product, consecutive reaction, and is a new aspect of chiral synthesis. Asymmetric autocatalysis combined with chirality amplification has been made the new concept in chirality origin. The recent advances in asymmetric autocatalysis are reviewed in this article.
Evaluation Systems and Materials for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Li Dunfang,Zheng Jing,Chen Xinyi,Zou Zhigang**
2007, 19 (04): 464-477 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
As one of the environmentally friendly technologies for preparation of renewable energy to utilize solar energy, photocatalytic decomposition of water into hydrogen has been extensively studies. The development of photocatalytic water splitting into hydrogen and oxygen in recent years is reviewed. Based on the classifies of the evaluation systems of photocatalytic decomposition of water and the photocatalysts, the fundamental principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis, evaluation systems and some kinds of semiconductors for photocatalytic decomposition of water are introduced. In addition, the future prospects for designing new photocatalysts are presented. As a result, more attentions should be paid to the physical and chemical mechanisms of photocatalysis.
Application of Ionic Liquids in Cellulose Study
Ye Jun1,Zhao Xingfei1,Xiong Jian2**
2007, 19 (04): 478-484 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Ionic liquid is a new kind of green solvents, and cellulose is the most abundant biorenewable materials. As the nonderivative cellulose solvent, ionic liquid has gained increasingly considerable interest in the research of cellulose. The recent development concerning the ionic liquids as cellulose solvents are reviewed, which deal with cellulose dissolution, regeneration and functionalization, as well as the use of cellulose/ionic liquid solvents for biocatalysis.
Progress of Porous Hydrogels
Lu Guodong,Yan Qingzhi,Su Xintai,Liu Zhongqing,Ge Changchun**
2007, 19 (04): 485-493 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Hydrogels consist of a three-dimensional network of slightly cross-linked polymers that can absorb water and swell readily without dissolving. They have been of great interest to biomaterial fields, attributing to their particular hydrophilic character and potential to be biocompatible. The introduction of porous structure will dramatically improve their swelling ability, water absorption rate and stimulation sensitivity. This article reviews the research progress and biomedical applications of these porous hydrogels domestic and abroad. Authors' work in preparation of porous hydrogels by frontal polymerization is referred. The possible topics of porous hydrogels in the future investigation are discussed.
Synthesis of One-Dimensional TiO2 Nanomaterials and Their Nanostructures
Zhang Yufang,Zhang Zhengguo,Fang Xiaoming**
2007, 19 (04): 494-501 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
The methods including anodization process, templated-based approaches and hydrothermal synthesis method for preparing TiO2 one-dimensional nanomaterials and their highly-ordered nanoarrays are systematically reviewed. TiO2 nanotube arrays firmly loaded onto substrates, which facilitates the construction of TiO2 nanostructures and has been applied in nanodevices, can be synthesized by the anodization process. TiO2 nanomaterials with various morphologies (nanotubes, nanowires and nanorods) can be produced by the templated-based approaches combining with different preparation technologies (e.g. sol-gel process, electrochemical deposition and atomic layer deposition).Furthermore, the parameters of micostructure of the TiO2 nanomaterias and their highly-ordered nanoarrays can be controlled by changing the pore size of the applied templates. TiO2 nanotubes with small diameter and large surface area can be prepared by the hydrothermal synthesis method. However, it is still difficult to prepare TiO2 highly-ordered nanoarrays firmly loaded on a substrate with the above method. The problems and developing trends in the synthesis of one-dimensional TiO2 nanomaterials and their nanostructures are presented.
Preparation of II－VI Semiconductor Fluorescent Nanocrystals and Complex Fluorescent Spheres and Their Applications
Gong Yanjun 1,2*
2007, 19 (04): 502-509 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
The basic concept and fluorescet characteristics of colloidal II-IV semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) are briefly introduced. The properties and preparation methods for the NCs, especially for the luminescent spheres tagged with NCs and their use in biology are discussed in detail. Problems and development tendency are pointed out.
Application of Functionalized MCM-41 in Organic Synthesis
Zhao Dongmin,Zhao Jiquan*,Zhao Shanshan
2007, 19 (04): 510-519 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 has large surface, ordered structure and silanol groups on its surface. It can be functionalized and applied to assembly homogeneous catalysis, which makes it possible to heterogenize homogeneous catalysts. Here we give a review about MCM-41 as host to assembly homogeneous complexes to get heterogenized catalysts and their applications in oxidation, reduction, alkylation, hydroformylation, Heck, cyclopropanation in recent years.
Research on Synthesis of Porphyrins
Wang Zhoufeng,Deng Wenli**
2007, 19 (04): 520-526 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Porphyrins are widely distributed in nature, and exist as the prosthetic groups in a wide variety of primary metabolites such as hemoglobins, myoglobins, cytochromes, catalases, peroxidases, chlorophylls, and bacteriochlorophylls. This article describes the current methodology for preparation of simple, symmetrical model porphyrins, as well as more complex unsymmetrically substituted porphyrins. Two methods mean direct condensation of pyrrole and aldehydes to form porphyrins and module route to form porphyrins are presented systematically. Porphyrin syntheses form monopyrroles are best bescribed with reference to two famous porphyrins, tetraphenylporphyrin and octaethylporphyrin. The recent progress in synthesizing module in module route is described in detail.
Study of Photoimmunoconjugates
Huang Lei,Zhao Fuqun,Huang Xin,Zhang Fushi**
2007, 19 (04): 527-534 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
A photosensitizer coupled to the monoclonal antibody (MAb) can form photoimmunoconjugate, which has the capability of recognizing tumors. This method overcomes the limitation of low selectivity in traditional photodynamic therapy of cancers. The development of photoimmunotherapy is reviewed in this paper. For photoimmunotherapy to be successful, sufficient amounts of sensitizer should be coupled to the MAb without altering its biological properties. Recent progress in the synthetic methods and the applicationof photoimmunoconjugates are summarized briefly. Based on the applications in photoimmunotherapy of photoimmunoconjugates , the trends of further development are described including approaches and methods o f increasing the photosensitizing capability of photosensitizers and improving the ability of photoimmunoconjugates directly targeting tumors.
Studies on Chitin Synthase Inhibitors
Li Ying,Cui Zining,Hu Jun,Ling Yun|Yang Xinling**
2007, 19 (04): 535-543 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Chitin synthase is the important enzyme that convert UDP-GlcNAc to chitin. Chitin which absents in vertebrates and plants, is an integral structural component of insect cuticle and fungal cell wall and is a promising target of agrochemicals and drugs. For the high selectivity and safety of chitin inhibitors, they are used for insecticides, fungicides and acaricides. The natural and synthesized chitin synthase inhibitors are reviewed.
Biological and Physiological Functions of Bile Acids Conjugates
Wu Dimao,Ju Yong**
2007, 19 (04): 544-556 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
The studies on biological and physiological functions of bile acid conjugates in recent years have been reviewed in this paper, mainly including exploration and development in natural bile acids conjugates, application of bile acids' amphiphilic structure in the respects of antibiotics, ionophores and molecular carriers, chemical synthesis of bile acids conjugates concerning the enterohepatic circulation and spatial utilization.
Macromolecular Self-Assembly Based on Inclusion Complexation of Cyclodextrins
Guo Mingyu,Jiang Ming**
2007, 19 (04): 557-566 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
The recent research progresses in molecular self-assembly based on the inclusion complexation between cyclodextrins and various guest macromolecules have been reviewed : (1) polyrotaxanes (molecular necklace), polypseudorotaxanes, bis(polypseudorotaxane) or bis(polyrotaxane)s), molecular tubes or bis(molecular tube)s and supramolecular hydrogels induced by the complexation between cyclodextrins or their dimers and the polymer guests including linear, comb, multi-arms star or hyperbranched ones. (2) linear or hyperbranched supramolecular polymers prepared by the self-assembly of bridged cyclodextrins and their bridged guest molecules; (3) intelligent systems showing stimuli responsive properties including temperature, pH, light or guest molecules; (4) polymeric micelles and hollow spheres made in water by the inclusion between a linear hydrophilic polymer containing cyclodextrin as side groups and a linear hydrophobic polymer with adamantine appendants. In addition the potential applications of the resultant assemblies are discussed.
Application of Preceramic Polymers
Xiong Liangping|Xu Yunshu*
2007, 19 (04): 567-574 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
This article reviews the recent progress in applied research of several typical preceramic polymers, including polycarbosilane, polysilazane, polysiloxane, polysilane, etc. which were used in the preparation of ceramic materials. The achievements are summarized in emphasis. Aiming at the existing defects, the development prospects are pointed out.
Ring-Opening Polymerization Kinetics of Ethylene Oxide and Propylene Oxide
Zhang Zhiguo**,Yin Hong
2007, 19 (04): 575-582 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Due to the high degree of strain in the small 3-menbered ring, the ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is initiated easily. The progress in the ring-opening polymerization kinetics of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is reviewed in this paper. The kinetics of the ring-opening polymerization, the reactivity ratios of ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymerization and the molar mass distribution of polyether are discussed respectively. The importance of the research in the ring-opening polymerization kinetics is emphasized．
Chitosan-Based Solid Polyelectrolyte Membranes for Cell Application
Cui Zheng,Xiang Yan**,Zhang Tao
2007, 19 (04): 583-589 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Chitosan (N-acetylated chitin) is an alkaline polymer membrane material which is biocompatible, nontoxic, natural, environmentally friendly, and low cost. It has been widely studied for use as a polyelectrolyte material. This paper reviews the applications of chitosan-based solid polyelectrolyte membranes in fuel cells. Methods for preparing chitosan membranes are discussed which include blending, chemical derivatization, and doping with proton acids or inorganic salts. The effects of these modifications on the performance of various chitosan-based membranes are described. Some unsolved problems in proton conductivity mechanism studies are mentioned. Some directions for future research on chitosan-based membranes as a polyelectrolyte material are also suggested.
Protein Tyrosine Nitration Determination
Gao Pingzhang,Lu Naihao,Gao Zhonghong**
2007, 19 (04): 590-597 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Protein tyrosine nitration is an important selective post-translational modification, and the product, 3-nitrotyrosine, has been utilized as a biomarker of tissue and cell injury. In this review, the determination approaches of the analysis of 3-nitrotyrosine, including immunoassay，spectrophotometry, chromatography, mass spectrometry and capillary electrophoresis are systematically discussed. The developing trend of protein tyrosine nitration detection is also proposed.
Electron Transfer Trough DNA Helix
Jiang Xiaohua1*,Liu Weiqiang1,Chen Jianjun1,Lin Xiangqin2
2007, 19 (04): 598-607 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
DNA is an important substance in organism for genetic information storage and transfer. The closely-stacking base pairs in double helical DNA provide a favorable medium to facilitate electron transfer. The electron transfer in DNA relates to many biological functions, which may lead to genetic information misinterpretation and DNA damage resulting in cell mutation and cancerization. Various DNA electron trtanfer mechanisms and theoretical models are discussed. Some experimental methods and influencing variables are introduced and analyzed in detail.Recent advances in the studies of DNA electron transfer are reviewed.
Application of DNA Nanotechnology
Jiang Xiaohua1**,Liu Weiqiang1,Chen Jianjun1,Lin Xiangqin2
2007, 19 (04): 608-613 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Based on the development of nano-materials research, nanotechnology is getting much wider application in multiple areas. As one of the biological macromolecules, DNA has been used to construct various nanostructures, biological apparatus and bionic components due to its unique physical and chemical characters. Nowadays, DNA nanotechnology has become the most active research area in molecular biology and nano-science. It has provided a new way to build nano-devices and made far-reaching sense to the study of molecular-electronic elements. It has also made great effect on the study of DNA computer, nano-biological engine and gene therapy etc., which became a vigorous subject in biochemistry. The development of DNA nanotechnology is comprehensively reviewed according to the authors' research and the advanced works of other groups worldwide.
Studies of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Inhibitors
Zhang Na1,Jiang Yongjun2**|Yu Qingsen1,Zou Jianwei2
2007, 19 (04): 614-623 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3)，a multifunctional serine-threonine kinase, has played an important role in glycogen metabolism and is known to occupy a central stage in many cellular physiological events by phosphorylation of multifold substrate proteins, including Wnt and Hedgehog signal transduction pathways. Small molecular inhibitors of GSK-3, as new promising drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and type II diabetes, are getting more and more attentions. Information gained from their structures, binding modes and structure-activity relationships provides some clues for the future optimization of drug lead-compounds and selective chemical probes .
Comparisons of Openness between Chemoinformatics and Bioinformatics
Qiao Yuanyuan*,Lu Tao,Che Yunxia
2007, 19 (04): 624-632 |
Published: 24 April 2007
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Abstract
By the comparisons between chemoinformatics and bioinformatics, on such aspects as public resources, data formats, programming language, literatures and textbooks, it is clear that, openness is the success for bioinformatics, but it is the shortness for chemoinformatics though launched earlier. Besides a number of open sources or free applications and open databases for chemoinformatics from academic and industry, there is still a huge gap unfilled. In addition, the reformation in teaching system should be continued in order to catch up with the rapid paces of drug discovery researches.