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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (6): 851-860 DOI: 10.7536/PC191003 Previous Articles   

• Review •

Preparation of Superhydrophilic and Oleophobic Materials and Their Oil-Water Separation Properties

Xiaojian Li1, Haijun Zhang1,**(), Saisai Li1, Jun Zhang1, Quanli Jia2, Shaowei Zhang1   

  1. 1. The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
    2. Henan Key Laboratory of High Temperature Functional Ceramics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Haijun Zhang
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51872210); the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51672194); the Key Program of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province, China(2017CFA004); the Program for Innovative Teams of Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Researchers in the Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(No. T201602).()
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Frequent offshore oil spill accidents, industrial oily sewage and the indiscriminate disposal of urban oily sewage have increasingly serious impacts on human living environment and health. The traditional oil-water separation methods not only cause easily environmental secondary pollution, but also lead to waste of limited resources. Therefore, how to efficiently and environmentally solve the problem of oily sewage has great significance. Physical filtration/adsorption is considered to be an efficient and environmentally friendly separation method. Based on bionics principle, many superoleophilic hydrophobic materials and superhydrophilic oleophobic materials which can be used for selectively physical oil-water separation have been prepared. The superoleophilic hydrophobic materials are easy to be polluted by oil, resulting in low reuse ability. In contrast, environment-friendly and self-cleaning superhydrophilic oleophobic materials usually have high reuse ability, thus having broad application prospects for oil-water separation. Based on the difference of base materials, the present paper mainly statues the recent advances and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of metal and polymer-based superhydrophilic oleophobic materials, and the general direction and emphasis of superhydrophilic oleophobic materials are also proposed.

Contents

1 Introduction
2 Metal-based superhydrophilic oleophobic filtering material

2.1 Externally assembled metal-based superhydrophilic oleophobic filtering material

2.2 In-situ growth metal-based superhydrophilic oleophobic filtering material

3 Polymer-based superhydrophilic oleophobic material

3.1 Polymer-based superhydrophilic oleophobic filtering material

3.2 Polymer-based superhydrophilic oleophobic adsorbent material

4 Conclusion and outlook
Key words: oil/water separation materials, superhydrophilic, oleophobic, micro-nano structure
Fig. 1 Natural special wettability phenomena:(a) Ruellia devosiana;(b) lotus leaf;(c) shark skin[20,21]
Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of contact angle of a liquid drop on a solid surface:(a) Young model in air;(b) Young model in water;(c) Cassie model.
Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of stainless steel mesh modified by layer-by-layer self-assembly method[45]
Fig. 4 The contrast SEM images of the original stainless steel mesh and the coated membrane(a. stainless steel mesh-304; b. WO3 coating; c. magnified image of b; d. WO3/TiO2 composite layer, 400 ℃/5 h)[48]
Fig. 5 Schematic illustration of modified copper mesh by TiO2/CuO double coating:(a) electrochemical anodization of the surfaces of copper meshes to produce Cu(OH)2 nanoneedle arrays(NNA);(b) deposition of Ti(OH)4 layers by sol-gel layer-by-layer self-assembly process on the Cu(OH)2 nanoneedle arrays-coated copper meshes, and(c) calcination of Ti(OH)4/Cu(OH)2 dual coatings to obtain the nanostructured TiO2/CuO dual-coated copper meshes[51]
Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of TiO2@CuO nanowire structure modified copper mesh prepared by two-step method(Chemical oxidation of copper meshes to form Cu(OH)2 nanowire array(NWA), and loading of TiO2-P25 on the Cu(OH)2 nanowire array-coated copper meshes to produce TiO2@CuO nanowire array coatings via hydrothermal crystallization[52])
Fig. 7 Schematic illustrating the formation process of the nanofibrous skin layers[59]
Fig. 8 TEM images of tunicate cellulose nanocrystal (a) and palygorskite(b), schematic illustration for the preparation of tunicate cellulose nanocrystal/palygorskite membrane(c), and SEM image of the surface (d) and cross section(e) of tunicate cellulose nanocrystal/palygorskite membrane[60]
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