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Progress in Chemistry 2020, Vol. 32 Issue (4): 392-405 DOI: 10.7536/PC190426 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Special Issue: 酶化学

Immobilized Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactor

Hua Guo1, Lei Zhang1, Xu Dong1, Gangyi Shen1,**(), Junfa Yin2,**()   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine(Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China;
  • Received: Revised: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Gangyi Shen, Junfa Yin
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81573834, 21375142); the Fundamental Research Funds for Minzu University of China(2019QNYL26); the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFA0203102)
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Both physiological behaviors and pathological processes of living organisms are related to the synergistic co-action of various enzymes. Inspired by this, a new bionic catalytic technology, immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reactor has been proposed for accelerating the bio-reactions including synthesis, substrate degradation, transformation and recombination. By taking advantages of the good stability, reusability and remarkable high efficiency, the immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reactor has attracted more and more attention in many fields including biological sensing, simulation biology and biological transformation and so on. This review focuses on the art-of-state and progress of immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reactor in recent years. The fundamentals, preparation approaches, advantages, factors affecting the efficiency, and applications of the technology are involved. Its trends in future study are also prospected.

Contents

1 Introduction

2 Basic principles of immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reaction

3 Preparation of immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reactor

3.1 Co-immobilization

3.2 Sequential immobilization

3.3 Spatially partition immobilization

3.4 Spatially addressable immobilization

4 Factors affecting the efficiency of immobilized multi-enzyme cascade

5 Applications of immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reactor

6 Conclusion and outlook

Key words: immobilized enzyme, multi-enzyme cascade reaction, enzyme reactor, synergistic effect
Fig. 1 Schematic illustration of immobilized multi-enzyme cascade reactor
Fig. 2 Schematic illustration of multi-enzyme cascade reaction systems based on the DNA hydrogel[24]:(A) preparation of the DNA hydrogel by TdT-generated X-shaped polymers(X-DNA-An and X-DNA-Tn),(B) illustration of X-shaped polymers incorporated with DNAzyme sequences forming peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme hydrogel, the bienzyme cascade, and the trienzyme cascade,(C) activation of the β-gal/GOx/DNAzyme cascade. Copyright 2016, ACS
Fig. 3 Schematic illustration of LbL assembled bioanode in a biofuel cell(A) and activation of the INV-GDH cascade reaction for catalyzing oxidation of sucrose(B)[29]. Copyright 2016, ECS
Fig. 4 Three-enzyme cascade bioreactor for rapid digestion of genomic DNA into single nucleosides[30]. Copyright 2018, ACS
Fig. 5 Proposed conversion process of CO2 to CH3OH catalyzed by the GelCSi-based three-enzyme cascade system(A) and preparation of a three-enzyme system based on GelCSi microcapsules(B)[35]. Copyright 2014, ACS
Fig. 6 Schematic illustration of DNA origami unit(A) and a modular DNA origami-based HRP-GOx bienzyme cascade nanoreactor(B)[45]. Copyright 2015, RSC
Fig. 7 Schematic illustration of molecule-level enzyme cascade on 2D surface[47]. Copyright 2017, ACS
Fig. 8 Distance-dependent effect of assembled ZS-XR/G-XDH pairs[66].(A) Time-course profiles of the amount of NADH regenerated by G-XDH when the enzymes were coassembled with interenzyme distances of 10, 54, and 98 nm, and for the free diffusion system with that of 298 nm;(B) Plots of the normalized V ini, the normalized amount of regenerated NADH, and the normalized amount of xylulose produced after 16 h against the interenzyme distances. Copyright 2016, ACS
Fig. 9 Biomimetic βGL-GOx-HRP triple enzymes cascade reaction of subcompartments inside aqueous microconfinements(A), and a simplified cell with a cascade reaction between compartmentalized organelles(B) [77]. Copyright 2018, ACS
Fig. 10 Schematic illustration of an artificial metabolon confined inside PAA nanochannels to mimic the natural enzyme complex systems[82]:(A) the immobilization of bi-enzymes inside the PAA nanochannels,(B) flow system of the artificial metabolon,(C) the cascade enzymatic reaction cycles catalyzed by G6PD and CYP1A1. Copyright 2017, RSC
Fig. 11 Construction of RGO-enzyme-coated tissue-engineered blood vessels for suppressing platelet aggregation and multi-enzymes cascade reaction[83]. Copyright 2015, ACS
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Abstract

Immobilized Multi-Enzyme Cascade Reactor