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Progress in Chemistry 2019, Vol. 31 Issue (5): 643-653 DOI: 10.7536/PC180911 Previous Articles   Next Articles

Self-Assembly of Surfactants in Non-Polar Organic Solvents

Jianxi Zhao**(), Panpan Gu, Hui Zeng, Shenglu Deng   

  1. Institute of Colloid and Interface Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • Received: Online: Published:
  • Contact: Jianxi Zhao
  • About author:
    ** E-mail:
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(21473032)
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The progress in the study on complicated reverse aggregation of surfactants in non-polar organic solvents is reviewed. Firstly, the problem of surfactant dissolution in non-polar organic solvents(oils) is resolved. The inverted aggregates with full core-shell structure can be expected to form using synthesized new surfactants with a large headgroup or by introducing suitable additives to interact with the head of surfactant and increase the effective size of the head of surfactant. These steps of promoting aggregate formation drive the surfactants to disperse and dissolve in non-polar solvents. Based on this way, a one-step method of directly dissolving and preparing homogeneous solutions of surfactants in oils is developed and the key factors about this method are discussed. Comparatively, the direct dissolution method is more convenient and also more effective than the methanol dissolution method as reported in literature. Some typical homogeneous systems of surfactants in cyclohexane are exhibited and the dissolution method upon aggregate formation is reviewed. In these systems, the aggregates show varied morphologies. The effect of surfactant head size on aggregate morphology is also discussed.

Key words: surfactants, non-polar organic solvents, direct dissolution method, complicated reverse aggregation
Fig. 1 Gemini surfactants 12-Ph-12 and G14-azo
Fig. 2 Comparison between two preparation methods for the system of lecithin/SDC(100/40 mmol·L-1)/cyclohexane: Samples of(a,a') and (b,b') prepared by methanol dissolving method and directly dissolving method, respectively
Fig. 3 A trace amount of water induced the change of POE conformation,resulting in the formation of reverse vesicles[24]
Fig. 4 DETA interacted with the carboxyl of OA to increase the head effective size,in which the addition of trace amounts of water strengthened this effect[22]
Fig. 5 A schematic for the transition of aggregate morphology under light irradiation for G14-azo/CTAB system[21]
Fig. 6 Schematic for the limit to the transition of trans- to cis-conformation in the inverted structure of an aggregate[21]
Fig. 7 Aromatic counterions interacted with the pyridinium group,which increased the effective size of CPC head and resulted in the formation of inverted hexagonal liquid crystalline mesophases
Fig. 8 Equi-molar mixed SDS/TAABr or SDS/BTMABr in cyclohexane to form I2 or H2 LC mesophase
Fig. 9 Quaternary ammonium gemini surfactants
Fig. 10 Effect of spacer length of gemini surfactants on the structures of formed aggregates[29]
Fig. 11 12-s-12/salt formed complex inverted aggregates in cyclohexane[32]
Fig. 12 Mechanism of NaSal special effect on 12-s-12 aggregation in cyclohexane[32]
Fig. 13 Reverse wormlike micelles and reverse vesicles formed by mixed SB-12 and C12E4 with different molar ratios,β[35]
Fig. 14 3D hexagonal close-packing(hcp) P63/mmc liquid crystalline formed by equi-molar mixed SB-12/TEAB in cyclohexane
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